Structured Visions

All this talk of social structure and how it could be better: does it match your own experience? Last week I talked about a social structure that is divided along gender, and requires boys and men to behave in one way and girls and women to behave in a different way. But I can hear you saying: 'But Jodie, I never felt constrained in that way! I was a girl and always wanted to roughhouse with the b...

I've been talking a lot about  recognisability  in social structures. Closed social structures divide up the world into particular categories such that it becomes impossible to think outside those categories. What doesn't 'fit' within those categories, or identities, or ways of being, or ways of feeling are rejected, ignored or simply not allowed to exist. How might it become possible to think  be...

When I was teaching conversation classes in France I invented a game designed to encourage students to speak more English to each other. Each player started with 12 paperclips, and they'd have to forfeit one each time another player caught them speaking a language other than English. The goal was to acquire as many paperclips as possible by catching out fellow players. The response to the game was...

How do you know if a social structure is having an impact on you? Have a look around and notice if there's anything you recognise. If you're using language to label the things in the room, for instance, you're participating in a linguistic structure. A language structure is a social structure inasmuch as it is designed by and for the community that uses it. Also: how well do you recognise the peop...

Last week I talked about how bodies are disciplined to conform to societal norms. This week I discuss the pressure to conform to a  consistent identity . I explore this idea in relation to two renowned scholarly figures –  Michel Foucault  and  Monica from  Friends . I get curious about how the  enjoyment  of the body might have the power to challenge or change social structures. And a young woman...

We're still talking about bodies but this week the focus is on how they're  disciplined . I explain some of the ideas in Michel Foucault's book  Discipline and Punish . An important component of Foucault's work is the mechanisms that keep societal structures in place. In a feudal society, structured hierarchically according to the birthright of the royalty and the landed gentry (and the  lack  of...

If you were in a position to make a judgement about someone – in a job interview, for instance – would you take into account what their body looked like? One widespread societal message is that the uniqueness, the individuality, the 'personhood' of a person has nothing to do with what their body looks like. Why is the idea that the 'person' or the 'self' is separate from the body so prevalent in o...

'Fairness' and 'equality' are at the heart of the modern justice system, as I explained in  last week's episode . This week's idea is that basing notions of justice on fairness and equality will never work. Why not? Because such a justice system requires us to think in terms of disembodied individuals – and we simply can't keep the body from showing up, sometimes in embarrassing ways. When society...

This week I turn to the concept of individual that's produced by the legal system: the 'rational person'. The rational person is a disembodied individual, who is stripped away of all uniqueness, embodiment, emotion and desire. It turns out that a justice system, like the modern one, based upon the idea of 'fairness' requires us to think of other people as rational, with exactly the same needs and...

In the past two episodes, I've been talking about how society needs to be structured in order for particular types of individuality to exist. In this episode I discuss two types of social structure: the system of traffic laws and culturally specific politeness norms. My interest in traffic laws comes from spending lots of time as a young girl annoying my parents while they were driving. My interes...

With each new story is a different – but familiar – way of understanding how different types of social structure produce different types of individual. Mary's story, in  last week's episode , illustrated the notion of the individual as a token of a particular,  recognisable  type: 'I was one of those…' This week we hear from Christina, who tells a story in two parts. The first part is about the ec...

I tell more stories about my experiences in Strasbourg and American students doing their best to fit in. Often fitting in to aspects of French culture, and learning French, was made difficult because of how much they enjoyed being in the company of other English-language speakers. Thinking about them as a 'community of practice' – a term coined by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger in their book,  Situa...

Last week I said I hated social structure? I need an attitude adjustment. When is thinking about social structure fun for me? When we're imagining new ones: flower worlds, sock worlds, bubble words, underground worlds, for instance. I discuss the work of two sociolinguists,  Penelope Eckert  and  Mary Bucholtz , who did ethnographic work in the alien world of the American high school. Eckert's boo...

Linguistic description gets messy. The scientific description of language starts from the idea that no one variety is intrinsically better than any other variety, then why do linguists always only use the Standard to describe other varieties? Well, not every linguist. In her book,  Talking that Talk ,  Geneva Smitherman  upsets the apple cart by using African American Vernacular English (AAVE) for...

What comes to mind when you hear the word 'grammar'? Red pen marks all over your assignments? Being told there's something wrong with the way you speak or write? A disgruntled feeling when you see a misplaced apostrophe? My love of grammar has never been about recognising 'errors' in speech or writing. For me it's a fascination with the beauty of structure. When I was an undergraduate at  Washingt...

In this episode I talk about the experience of internalising a judgmental, hierarchical social structure. In my case it was like living by the rules of Chutes and Ladders (Snakes and Ladders). Some arbitrary set of characteristics is graded on a scale of 1 to 100 and you find yourself landed on one of the numbered grids. What if 'whiteness' was the thing you were being graded on? (This is the ques...

Welcome to the very first episode of the Structured Visions podcast! In this episode I look at aspects of racial injustice. I share some perspectives from my five-year-old self to show how certain logical structures enabled me to cope when I first noticed racial inequality. I talk more about what it means to understand racism, or any other form of social injustice, as  structured . I invite listen...