Structured Visions

Join me on a journey from humanism to posthumanism with a focus on how we understand language, more-than-human communication, semiosis and information theory. We discuss Eduardo Kohn's How Forests Think , specifically his ideas about the Earth's open and emergent semiotic system, of which human meaning-making is a subset. We explore the idea of human language as a unidimensional system for organis...

Join me in the pleasure of observing conversation, particularly times when people report the speech of others. They can do this using direct speech , indirect speech or narrative reports of speech events . Here are examples of all three: Mrs Jenkins told the class shat she was cancelling the field trip (indirect) There was a roar of protest (narrative report of a speech event) 'It's just not fair,...

To what extent is who(m) you're allowed to love analogous to syntactic structure? In this episode I explore the idea that human beings, in initiating themselves into language, surrender the higher consciousness that the rest of the non-human world enjoys. This is a problem when it comes to love. If we see the world in terms of nouns, verbs, adjectives and prepositions, then love becomes part of a...

What's your favourite way to alleviate anxiety? Mine is tapping, also known as Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT). Linguistically, tapping is fascinating, because it reveals an inherent contradiction that your body ends up resolving for you. When we tap into (pardon the pun) the world beyond language—our bodies, the earth—we access the worlds 'created from silence', the mystery, and the spaces wher...

Do you believe in fairies? In his 1911 book , American anthropologist Walter Evans Wentz hypothesises 'tentatively' that the invisible world of fairies should be examined 'just as we examine any fact in the visible realm wherein we now live, whether it be a fact of chemistry, of physics, or of biology' (pp. xvi-xvii). In this episode I put forward my own hypothesis: that human language is what kee...

The paradox of being human in a Western, settler, colonizing culture is you're supposed to be special and… you're not supposed to be special. It's a culture that's clinging to the idea of human exceptionalism, which is the assumption that humans are better, smarter and more conscious than the rest of the world. Human language is held up as evidence of what makes humans so special. Posthumanism is...

Conversations with final-year university students has brought back all the fears that I had in my mid- to late twenties about having to be a grown up. The secret to soothing those fears for me was… studying linguistics. More specifically, it was ' like' and stuff like that (discourse markers and general extenders). If you're curious about what made me want to investigate American speakers' use of...

The idea that human language comes from the land is not new. It's rooted in Indigenous ontologies of language. But for those of us who haven't grown up in an Indigenous culture and are swimming in the ideas of a Western, colonising culture, it can be very difficult to see language as anything other than a human construct. In this episode we ponder the heaven-Earth binary and wonder about what it m...

Have you ever had a peak experience? Did you ever try to tell someone about it? Also, how good is your singing voice? If you're a native speaker of a tonal language like Mandarin, you may have an excellent singing voice (or at least, you're more likely to pass a test for perfect pitch, according to a study reported in Scientific American ). But in a language like English requires you only to grasp...

What if you could know everything, but you had to lose your self in the process? We discuss two layered structures in human languages. The first is word order, such as Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) and Subject-Object-Verb (SOV). The second is information structure, which is the system by which people in interaction navigate their interlocutor's knowledge state, orienting what they say to make a distin...

If you listened to last month's episode, you'll know that I've taken a short break from podcasting to finish off the book I'm writing. I'm thrilled to tell you that the book is now finished, and I'm very happy with it. I can't wait to tell you more. (In fact, if you sign up to my newsletter at jodieclark.com/newsletter you'll hear more sooner!) I'm so excited to get back to podcasting monthly, whi...

I'm taking a short break from podcasting as I finish off the book I'm writing, but I'll be back in the New Year. In the meantime, please enjoy this episode from the Structured Visions archives. Episode 60, How linguistics can save the world, originally aired on June 1, 2018. This podcast has been an amazing way for me to develop some unusual ideas about language. Recently I was wondering when I fi...

Do human beings have more or less consciousness than the rest of the living world? Is language an addiction? We'll explore both points by examining the relationship between language and time. To participate in the world of human language, we have to reduce ourselves to little cutie pies known as 'selves,' who exist at a precise moment of time and who orient to their world in relation to their deic...

In this episode I'll try to convince you that using language to express the self is like a dog chasing its own tail… or a snake eating its tail, if you prefer ouroboros imagery. My perspective is that human language is the one-dimensional structure that shapes the self and thus limits access to the vast multidimensionality of consciousness. Language can't refer to anything beyond itself (or beyond...

Have you ever felt like you don't belong? My own red thread through the labyrinth of linguistics has been the theme of not belonging. We explore the grammatical shape belonging takes in everyday conversations about fitting in. We discuss how selves can grammatically 'detach' from bodies, and the transformative possibility of embodied selves. Join me in a hopeful dream where humans belong on planet...

What's the difference between me and you? And what's so bad about big egos, anyway? In this episode we explore the relationship between ego and language. We move from Freud's psychoanalytic theory to D.T. Suzuki's explanation of the Zen Buddhist perspective. We explore Suzuki's analysis of two poems about encounters with flowers, one by Basho and one by Tennyson. The story I read in this episode i...

What are your top three wishes? Are they selfish? As it happens, your wishes may be worse than selfish—they may be toxically self- effacing . If you participate, on whatever level, in a society in which people are continually and oppressively bullied into thinking they need to be someone other than who they are, then you may be wishing for things that obliterate your own unique selfhood. In this e...

What new language would you most like to know? Is astrology on your list? Does astrology count as a language? Maybe the language of the stars could be classified as a pidgin, a language without native speakers. But if, as discussed in Episode 96, 'The Earth's language' , languages are ways of organising information, then it might be more accurate to describe astrology as one of the Earth's languag...

Counting… that's maths, right? Actually, it's language. And as we'll discover through a series of absurd tasks (like, 'count everything you can see'), you can't count anything until you know what 'counts as' a thing. Language draws the lines around what counts, and it shifts and changes as it does so. In this episode we celebrate the rich lineage of linguists and language philosophers who offer de...

What's the weirdest thing about human language? We explore linguistic polarity and all its bizarre implications. Embedded in every human grammar is a way of turning a positive clause ( I'm listening ) into a negative clause ( I'm not listening ). Grammatical negation is one of the ways we can do denial. ('I'm not scared of that dog,' said the three-year-old whose body was telling an entirely diffe...

We start the episode, as always, with a couple of questions: 1.        What are the differences between spoken/signed language and written/printed/digital language? 2.        Where are you? There's an answer to Question 2 that will be true for anyone who says it. 'I am here.' But if you write it on a piece of paper, and then leave the room, it stops being true. Does that make spoken language more...

What would your name be without language? In this episode we explore the problem of names in truth conditional semantics, with a look at Gottlob Frege's explanation of sense and reference, Bertrand Russell's claims about the definite descriptors and Saul Kripke's term for proper names, which is 'rigid designators'. What would it be like if you weren't so rigidly designated? Truth conditional seman...

What happens when we die? Ideas about the afterlife (or the lack of an afterlife) requires theory building based on either faith or experience. What if you don't have faith in stories about the afterlife and you've never experienced anything resembling a near-death experience (NDE)? In this episode I'll guide you through a language-based exercise that might help you with your theory building about...

Is there a distinction between you and the rest of the world? Where do you stop and the rest of the world begin? What's the meaning of the word 'now'? The gift of language is that it shapes and reshapes the experience of separateness. It's a gift because it's fluid. It's more a membrane than a wall—with every utterance, there's a new configuration of separateness. The gift of separateness is that...

When was the last time you lost language? And… how do you feel? The one time it feels like I'm losing language is when I let myself feel what I really feel. (We're talking about weeping, wailing, keening—the dripping-nose ugly cry.) I've been thinking a lot about emotions and language because I've just made a new course available, The Grammar of Show Don't Tell: Exploring the Emotional Depths . It...