Netra Eye Institute

Photobiomodulation, or PBM, uses low-level red and near-infrared light to influence cellular energy production. In ophthalmology, it's being studied most seriously for retinal conditions like dry age-related macular degeneration, where mitochondrial stress in the retina and RPE plays a central role. In this episode, Dr. Saikumar Gandapodi walks through the biology — how light interacts with cytoch...

Where systems biology, root-cause thinking, and standard eye care meet. What does it actually mean to practice integrative ophthalmology, and how is it different from the eye care most patients already know? In this episode, Dr. Saikumar Gandapodi, Board-Certified Doctor of Oriental Medicine, Ayurvedic practitioner, and Founder of Netra Eye Institute, sits down to define an emerging clinical disci...

Age-related macular degeneration is usually described as a problem of aging and drusen. But a growing body of research points to something deeper: a slow failure of energy metabolism in the retina and the cells that support it. In this episode, Dr. Saikumar Gandapodi, Founder and Director of Netra Eye Institute, reframes AMD as a disease of metabolic exhaustion in the retinal pigment epithelium an...

Glaucoma is often described as a pressure disease, but at its core it's a disease of dying nerve cells. In this episode, Dr. Saikumar Gandapodi joins us to unpack what neuroprotection really means in glaucoma, why lowering eye pressure remains the foundation of care, and where the gaps in that approach open the door for adjunct strategies. We explore the biology of retinal ganglion cell loss, the...

Diabetic retinopathy has long been treated as a disease of leaky, fragile blood vessels, with anti-VEGF injections as a cornerstone of care. But a growing body of research suggests the story starts earlier — in the retina's neurons and glia — well before the classic vascular signs appear. In this episode, Dr. Saikumar Gandapodi joins us to unpack what it means to view diabetic retinopathy as a neu...

For decades, keratoconus was described as a purely mechanical, non-inflammatory thinning of the cornea. That story is changing. A growing body of research points to enzymatic activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators in the tears of people with keratoconus, alongside the mechanical instability that corneal cross-linking is designed to halt. In this episode, host Maya Rao sits down wit...

Normal-tension glaucoma challenges the old idea that glaucoma is simply a disease of high eye pressure. In this episode, Dr. Saikumar Gandapodi joins us to unpack what the evidence actually shows about optic nerve damage occurring at statistically normal intraocular pressures, and why blood flow, vascular regulation, and systemic factors matter so much here. We explore Flammer syndrome, a describe...

Glaucoma has long been defined by intraocular pressure — but a growing body of research shows that many patients continue to lose vision even when their pressure is beautifully controlled. Why? In this episode, host Priya Menon sits down with Dr. Saikumar Gandapodi, Board-Certified Doctor of Oriental Medicine, practitioner of Ayurvedic Medicine, and Founder and Director of Netra Eye Institute, to...

For decades, glaucoma has been defined and treated almost entirely through the lens of intraocular pressure. But a growing body of peer-reviewed research reveals a far more complex picture: glaucoma is increasingly understood as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease of the retinal ganglion cells, sharing mechanistic overlap with conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In this episode, ho...

For decades, textbooks defined keratoconus as a 'non-inflammatory' degenerative thinning of the cornea. But a growing body of peer-reviewed research is challenging that assumption, revealing elevated inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered protease activity in the tears and corneal tissue of affected patients. In this episode, host Maya Iyer sits down with...