Population Health Exchange
Free Associations
Free Associations is about using a critical eye when reading journal articles or news coverage about research breakthroughs. With a sense of humor and a healthy dose of skepticism Boston University School of Public Health faculty Matt Fox, Jessica Leibler, and guests talk us through popular health studies and hyperbolic news headlines while teaching us how to ask the right questions. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Author
Population Health Exchange
Category
Podcast website
Latest episode
Oct 30, 2025
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Episodes
Episode 29 - Is low-dose aspirin for everyone? (Guest host!) 28.08.2018 1:04:13
Matt, Chris, and Jen talk about a study of whether low-dose aspirin to prevent vascular events should be weight dependent, the gang revisits placebo effects and wonders if it is all just regression to the mean, and Jen focuses on the empathy of our dogs. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 28 - Should we pay people to quit smoking? (Guest host!) 14.08.2018 1:05:32
Jennifer Rider joins us in the studio as our first ever guest host. Matt, Chris, and Jen discuss a pragmatic trial of smoking cessation, the gang examines the pros and cons of surrogate endpoints, and Chris schools us all on horse dentistry. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 27 - Does food labeling reduce calorie consumption? 31.07.2018 59:43
Matt, Chris, and Don review the literature on whether food labelling can reduce purchase and consumption of calories, the gang discusses a series of trials that were found to have errors and what it means for science, and Chris calculates the sum total of all living things on earth. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 26 - Can a vaccine treat diabetes? 17.07.2018 58:56
Matt, Chris, and Don examine a study that looked at whether a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis can treat Type 1 diabetes, the gang discusses the “Loss of Confidence Project” and what to do when you no longer have faith in one of your studies, and Matt reports on an N of 1 study that suggests red wine may be good for blood sugar. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 25 - The napping episode: Does weekend sleep influence mortality? (Live!) 03.07.2018 1:00:09
Matt, Chris, and Don do their second ever live podcast, exploring a study on the effects of sleep on mortality, the gang discusses a proposal to change the definition of statistical significance, and Chris goes rogue and has three amazing and amusing articles. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 24 - What is a "synbiotic" anyway and can it prevent sepsis? 19.06.2018 48:21
Matt, Chris, and Don examine a trial done in India using synbiotics to prevent neonatal sepsis, the gang discusses a study that looked at whether scientific productivity has been increasing over time, and Don gives us just a study title for his amazing and amusing. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 23 - A breakthrough for lung cancer treatment? 05.06.2018 57:48
Matt, Chris, and Don discuss a new treatment for lung cancer (immunotherapy), the gang discusses a controversy that occurred when a large clinical trial decided to change its endpoint, and Chris dives into the world of linguistics (again). Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 22 - An antidepressants do-over 22.05.2018 56:51
Matt, Chris, and Don look at a case study of a drug company antidepressant trial in adolescents that was re-analyzed by different authors who came to different conclusions, the gang discusses the pre-registration movement in psychology and what it might tell us in medical research, and Matt finds out what happens to all those unreported clinical trials. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4...
Episode 21 - People who live in glass houses... 08.05.2018 1:00:46
Matt, Chris, and Don finally take on one of their own studies on the effectiveness of outpatient pneumonia treatment in Pakistan and see how it holds up, the gang discusses what to do when your study has flaws, and Chris tells us what happens if you don’t get funding as a junior faculty member. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 20 - The opioids vs non-opioids showdown! 24.04.2018 54:39
Matt, Chris, and Don tackle a study on the effectiveness of opioids vs non-opioids for treatment of back, hip, and knee pain, then the gang discusses the new NIH rules on how a clinical trial is defined, and Matt reads us some academic love poems. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 19 - Antidepressants — our first in-studio guests! 10.04.2018 1:02:29
Matt, Chris, and Don are joined by Ludovic Trinquart and Mike LaValley from the BUSPH Biostats Department to discuss a massive meta-analysis on the effectiveness of antidepressants, then we talk about the pros and cons of meta-analysis, and Don gives us some driving advice. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 18 - Is the HPV vaccine reducing infection? 27.03.2018 54:19
Matt, Chris, and Don discuss a study from Scotland on the introduction of the HPV vaccine and the impact on prevalence of HPV, the gang discusses what the goal of peer review is, and Matt gets on twitter to find out the latest on significance. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 17 - All about that gluten! 13.03.2018 55:25
Matt, Chris, and Don puzzle out whether a diet low in gluten has an effect on coronary artery disease, the gang discusses whether it is ok to have prior beliefs when critiquing a study, and Don explains how sandwiches are killing the planet. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 16 - The jellyfish and memory edition 27.02.2018 1:00:46
Matt, Chris, and Don look at the science behind a supplement aimed at improving memory, the gang debates whether industry has a conflict of interest in running their own research, and Matt explains why Don is to blame for his hearing loss. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 15 - Should I take my calcium/vitamin D supplements? 13.02.2018 1:01:49
Matt, Chris, and Don debate a new meta-analysis on the evidence behind calcium and vitamin D supplements for prevention of fractures, Matt once again explains why he hates null hypothesis significance testing, and Don alerts us to the dangers of listening to heavy metal. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 14.5 - The author responds: HIV incidence in Uganda (Bonus) 13.02.2018 56:02
In this special bonus episode, we have our first guest, Dr. Kate Grabowski, the author of the study we reviewed on HIV incidence in Uganda in episode 14. She talks with Matt and sets the record straight on a few issues we got wrong and we talk about the wider impact of her work on HIV. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 14 - Why is HIV incidence dropping in Uganda? 30.01.2018 56:11
Matt, Chris, and Don weigh in on an area they finally have some expertise in (HIV) by reviewing a study of HIV prevention in Uganda, the gang tries to explain the difference between “efficacy” and “effectiveness,” and Matt gets dangerously close to a word we’re not allowed to say. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 13 - A tough pill to swallow? 16.01.2018 52:34
Matt, Chris, and Don try to act like grownups in discussing a study of the effects of fecal transplants delivered through oral capsules to treat C. difficile infection, Matt mispronounces yet another medical term, p-values are finally, though not fully taken on (taken down?), and Chris reveals the enlightening truth that “jellyfish ain’t babies". Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 12 - The sham podcast: Heart stents and angina? 02.01.2018 59:26
Matt, Chris, and Don discuss a fascinating study that contradicts much of the previous evidence on the benefits of heart stents for angina, Matt learns how angina is really pronounced during a discussion of ethics in medical research, and the three answer the question of just how bad Vegemite really is. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 11 - Back to school: Does exercise increase academic achievement? 19.12.2017 48:11
Matt, Chris, and Don run an obstacle course (metaphorically) through a study on exercise and academic achievement (our first listener generated topic), then Matt lobs dodgeballs at Chris to pin him down on why he’s so skeptical about observational studies, and Don seems to suggest it's ok to talk on a cell phone while crossing the street as long as you are in good shape. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa u...
Episode 10.5 - Live episode Q&A (Bonus) 12.12.2017 24:57
Bonus content! Matt, Chris, and Don answer questions from a live audience. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 10 - It’s alive!!! A live podcast, featuring fat and carbs? 05.12.2017 51:40
Matt, Chris, and Don bring the podcast to a live audience and then feed them burritos before asking whether fat and carbs are killing us, wrestle with whether the ranking of a journal is a safe proxy for the quality of the articles within, and Chris finally teaches us why bees don’t use back scratchers. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 9 - Is watching hockey the same as exercising? 21.11.2017 42:44
Matt, Chris, and Don get checked into the boards on this new study on watching hockey and heart rates (seriously), get called for high sticking over their take on how big a study needs to be, and Chris warns us about the dangers of pizza deficiency syndrome. (Special episode with video! Watch now at pophealthex.org/fa) Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 8 - Could kids in Uganda do this podcast better than we can? 07.11.2017 43:50
Matt, Chris, and Don decide whether school kids in Uganda can be taught to evaluate the validity of health claims (hey, isn’t that our job?), take their best shot at conveying their strategies for determining who study results generalize to and Chris finds the answers in rubbing his bald spot. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
Episode 7 - Freaky associations between flu vaccine and miscarriage? 31.10.2017 51:31
Matt, Chris, and Don put down their Halloween candy long enough to debate whether H1N1 flu vaccine can cause spontaneous abortions in pregnant women, attempt to discern whether or not it is ok to divide up your data (going on fishing expeditions?) and Matt explains why he didn’t make it all the way through The Unbearable Lightness of Being. Music: "Duress" by Ketsa under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 .
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