Physician Assistant Exam Review

Obstructive Lung Diseases Spirometry The most used pulmonary function test. It measures volume and speed of exhalation and inspiration. Total lung capacity (TLC) The volume of the lungs at maximal inflation Tidal volume The volume of air moved into and out of the lungs during normal resting respirations Vital Capacity The volume of air exhaled […] The post S2 E051 COPD & Asthma (and my...

Acanthosis Nigricans Typically occurs in African Americans Causes May be inherited May appear in a healthy individual May be directly related to an underlying health issue which is usually an endocrine disorder Insulin resistant disorders are most common DM type 2 PCOS Hypo or hyperthyroidism Cushing’s disease Acromegaly Clinical Presentation Brown or black poorly defined […] The post S2 E05...

Kaposi’s Sarcoma A systemic disease caused by herpes virus 8 Most often have lesions on the skin surface. Typically a very slow developing illness, but in conjunction with the AIDS virus it progresses very quickly. These lesions became linked directly with AIDS during the 1980’s. Clinical Presentation Skin lesions Flat or raised Purple Widespread or […] The post S2 E049 Derm: Skin Cancer for...

Little red spots and gross blisters The post S2 E048 Vascular and blistering issues for the PANCE/PANRE appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

demystifying TEN and SJS The post S2 E047 SJS/TEN for the PANCE or PANRE appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

PANCE/PANRE review of Derm including burns and ulcers The post S2 E046 Derm integrity for the PANCE/PANRE appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

Derm viruses - chicken pox, herpes, warts and more The post S2 E045 Derm viruses appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

the six childhood exanthema The post S2 E044 Childhood Exanthem appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

Erysipelas, Impetigo, Cellulitis The post S2 E043 Bacterial skin infections appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

Derm Part 5 Moving right along The post S2 EO42 Spiders, Bugs and Fungal Infections (Yuck!) appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

Derm part 4 The post S2 E041 Hair, Nails & Pigment Disorders appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

Acne Vulgaris Obstruction and inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands The most common skin disease affecting 80% of the US population Sebum is an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands How it happens Follicles get clogged with sebum and keratinocytes Follicles are colonized by Propionibacterium acnes which is a normal human anaerobe Inflammation occurs […] The post S2 E040 Derm...

Papulosquamous disorders Conditions which present with both papule and scales Lichen simplex chronicus (not on 2019 blueprint) A skin disorder characterized by repetitive itching and scratching. This may be secondary to eczema, psoriasis, bug bites, psych disorders etc. Clinical Presentation & Physical Exam findings Itching Lichenified (leathery) skin with well defined borders Labs, Studies an...

Dermatology: The beginning vocab and what not The post S2 E038 Dermatology Part 1 appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

Dyslipidemia Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (lousy) Increased LDL correlates with an increased risk of heart disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (happy) Increased HDL correlates with a decreased risk of heart disease. Triglycerides An increase in triglycerides is correlated to a an increased risk of heart disease. Causes and correlations Straight out of the Merck Manual “The most […] The...

Covering Diabetes Type 2 The post S2 E036 DM2 appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

Diabetes type 1 and an important thing you can stop worrying about. The post S2 E035 Diabetes Type 1 appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

  Addison’s Disease Addison’s = Primary adrenocortical insufficiency More frequently in women than in men. Causes Autoimmune problem is 80% of the cause. TB Genetic disorders Removal of adrenals Adrenal infarct Etc. Clinical findings Sparse axillary and pubic hair Hyperpigmentation of skin especially of creases or pressure areas (waistband/bra line) Hypotension, generally systolic under 110 [...

The Hypothalamic, Pituitary Adrenal Axis In response to low serum cortisol or stress the hypothalamus secretes corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). In response to CRF the pituitary releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In response to ACTH the adrenal glands secrete cortisol In response to elevated cortisol levels the hypothalamus decreases production of CRF Cortisol Produced by the [&#8230...

Parathyroid There are four parathyroid glands located adjacent Produces parathyroid hormone (PTH) PTH increases calcium concentration in the bloodstream in response to low serum calcium Hyperparathyroidism Affects women 3:1 over men Primary Typically this is caused by an adenoma Maybe hyperplasia or carcinoma. Secondary Chronic renal failure Poor production of vitamin D which will decrease [&#8230...

  Thyroiditis Inflammation of the thyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis Subacute thyroiditis Also known as granulomatous thyroiditis, de Quervain’s thyroiditis and giant cell thyroiditis Thought to be caused by a virus. Postpartum thyroiditis Believed to be autoimmune Occurs in 7.2% of women post delivery Riedel thyroiditis Invasive fibrous, woody, lign...

Disorders of the Thyroid Hormones TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone Created and secreted by the anterior pituitary T4 = thyroxine T3 = triiodothyronine Primary caused by disease in the thyroid Secondary Caused by diseases in the hypothalamus or pituitary Hyperthyroidism Elevated levels of free T4 and T3 Amiodarone may cause thyrotoxicosis Causes Graves disease The […] The post S2 E30 Thyroid...

Aortic Aneurysm, Peripheral Artery Disease, Giant Cell Arteritis The post S2 E029 Arteries appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

Today we discuss Veins and some crazy spartan ways to get your work done. The post S2 E028 Veins, Veins, Veins appeared first on Physician Assistant Exam Review .

Atherosclerosis Components of atherosclerosis Lipid deposition Fibrosis Calcifications Plaque in the intima of medium and large blood vessels Atherosclerosis is the number one cause of cardiac-related death and disability. Risk Factors HTN Dyslipidemia Smoking Diabetes Advancing age Family history Males to Female = 4:1 Clinical Presentation No symptoms at all Symptoms of ischemia by location [&#82...