The Final Block by Investre

Technology alone doesn't create adoption. Standards do. In this episode of The Final Block , Georges Bock speaks with Daniel Coheur, co-founder of Tokeny and a leading contributor to ERC-3643, about the infrastructure needed for tokenized finance to scale. From programmable compliance and digital identity to interoperability and institutional adoption, this conversation explores the foundation...

Season 2 of The Final Block opens with Ralf Wandmacher, CFO & COO of 21X, Europe's first DLT MTF sandbox trading venue. Together with Georges Bock, he explores how tokenisation is reshaping capital markets, why trading and settlement are converging, the role of smart contracts and atomic swaps, and whether Europe can maintain its lead as the United States accelerates its digital asset ambi...

In this episode of The Final Block, Georges Bock is joined by Max Costet, Sales Director at Fireblocks, to discuss the infrastructure layer behind institutional digital assets. They explore what wallets actually are, why private key control matters, and why financial institutions need governance, compliance and approval workflows on top of wallet infrastructure. The discussion also covers MPC, saf...

What is a wallet in regulated digital finance? In this episode of The Final Block , Georges Bock speaks with Max Costet from Fireblocks about the infrastructure behind institutional wallets and how cryptographic key control reshapes custody, governance and settlement. As tokenised assets grow across funds, bonds and collateral markets, wallet infrastructure becomes the control layer of digital fin...

Franklin Templeton launched a 40-Act fund natively on-chain five years ago. Today, its shareholder record operates exclusively on blockchain. In this episode of The Final Block , Georges Bock sits down with Robert Crossley, Head of Digital & Industry Advisory Services at Franklin Templeton, to discuss what this actually changes for asset managers and the broader capital markets. The discussion...

Five years ago, Franklin Templeton launched a 40-Act fund natively on-chain. Today, its shareholder record operates exclusively on blockchain. In this episode, Robert Crossley, Head of Digital & Industry Advisory Services at Franklin Templeton, joins Georges Bock to discuss what native tokenization changes in practice. From real-time records and interest accrual to programmable assets and coll...

On 30 December 2024, MiCA entered into force — and tokenisation moved from experimentation to boardroom priority. In this episode of The Final Block , Georges Bock speaks with Patrick Hennes, Head of Digital Asset Servicing at DZ PRIVATBANK and one of Luxembourg’s early blockchain pioneers. Patrick explains why the industry has reached a structural inflection point. For nearly a decade, blockchain...

A preview of our upcoming episode on traditional banks and fund services in a DLT world . Patrick Hennes discusses what may become the killer use case for tokenisation, how banks are approaching DLT today, and why the conversation has shifted from experimentation to infrastructure. Full episode launching on 12 February.

Stablecoins are often presented as the missing piece for faster settlement in fund markets. This conversation takes a different view. Drawing on decades of experience in clearing and fund infrastructure, Dr. Paul Newton explains why settlement can already improve without changing how investors pay, and why the real constraints sit elsewhere. The discussion moves from hybrid fiat–on-chain models to...

In this episode of The Final Block , Dr. Paul Newton explains how funds can be issued as native digital assets while continuing to use existing fiat payment rails and market infrastructure. The conversation looks at how tokenization enables incremental adoption, compresses settlement cycles, and increases transparency without forcing changes to current operating models. It also explores how on-cha...

In Episode 5 of The Final Block , Georges Bock speaks with Nasir Zubairi , CEO of LHoFT and member of the EU Blockchain Observatory Forum , about the external forces reshaping Europe’s market infrastructure. The conversation focuses on the US GENIUS Act and why it could accelerate US dollar stablecoins as a core settlement asset , with knock-on effects for Europe’s competitiveness, monetary sovere...

In this trailer for The Final Block – Episode 5 , Nasir Zubairi , CEO of The LHoFT and member of the EU Blockchain Observatory Forum , explains why the US Genius Act could redefine global financial infrastructure. From US-dollar stablecoins to tokenised money market funds, Nasir argues that capital markets are rapidly shifting — and that Europe risks falling behind if it continues to treat stablec...

In this episode of The Final Block , Georges speaks with Nadia Manzari , former Head of Financial Innovation, Corporate Governance and Payment Services at the CSSF and founder of Manzari Legal . The conversation focuses on how MICA , MiFID , and Luxembourg’s Blockchain Laws apply to tokenisation in the fund business . Nadia explains the regulatory boundary between crypto assets and tokenised finan...

In this episode, former CSSF Head of Innovation Nadia Manzari breaks down the regulatory foundations shaping Europe’s tokenised fund ecosystem — with clarity and precision. We unpack: The real distinction between MICA and MiFID What qualifies as a crypto asset under MICA Why Luxembourg introduced four Blockchain Laws The implications of Blockchain Law 4 How the Control Agent works and who can beco...

In this episode, Georges Bock sits down with blockchain expert Dr. Eric Falk to unpack the real mechanics behind tokenised funds: wallets, custody, smart contracts, minting/burning, freezing, recovery, interoperability and settlement logic. Eric explains why blockchain is not just a new database but a shared record for the entire fund value chain, and why the industry is finally moving toward T+0....

This trailer gives you a first look at Episode 3 of The Final Block , where we strip blockchain down to its essentials — the cryptographic links, the shared ledger, the custody models and the smart-contract logic that makes tokenised funds work. If you want a simple, no-jargon breakdown of the real infrastructure behind tokenisation, this episode is for you.

Luxembourg now has one of the most advanced DLT frameworks in the world — and it changes everything for tokenised funds. In this episode, Georges Bock speaks with Raoul Heinen (Partner, Linklaters Luxembourg) to unpack Blockchain Laws I–IV, the Control Agent model, and what “native” fund tokens really mean from a legal and operational perspective. They explore how tokenisation removes legacy bottl...

Tokenisation has moved from theory to adoption — fast. In this opening episode of The Final Block , Georges Bock sits down with Sébastien Schmitt (PwC Luxembourg) to break down why global interest in tokenisation has exploded and what this means for the fund industry. They explore the acceleration across money market funds, ETFs, digital settlement rails and retailisation — and why a new generatio...

Welcome to The Final Block — the podcast where Luxembourg’s fund industry meets the future. In this short introduction, Georges Bock shares why we created The Final Block, what the industry needs to understand about tokenised funds right now, and why Europe can’t afford to fall behind. You’ll learn:• Why tokenisation has moved from theory to reality• What’s pushing asset managers, regulators, and...

In this trailer, Sébastien Schmitt breaks down why tokenisation is accelerating globally, why major institutions can’t afford to sit on the sidelines, and how new infrastructure is making digital assets the default, not the exception. Full episode launching on November 20th.

In this exclusive conversation, Raoul Heinen breaks down how Luxembourg’s new blockchain framework (the “Blockchain IV” law) lets securities exist natively on distributed ledgers — without the need for traditional transfer agents. Full episode launching on November 20th.

Heard the word tokenisation one too many times lately? We get it. That’s why we made The Final Block — the podcast that finally makes sense of fund tokenisation. Real conversations with the people actually building the tokenised fund industry. No jargon. No hype. Just what matters: regulation, operations, and the future of digital funds in Luxembourg. Hosted by Investre , the regulated infrastruct...