STAT Stitch Deep Dive Podcast Beyond The Bedside

Toddlers typically gain 3 to 5 pounds and grow 3 inches in height per year. By age 2, they attain approximately half of their adult height, and the anterior fontanel closes by 18 months. Vital Signs (Ages 1–3 Years): • Temperature: Ranges from 37.7°C (99.9°F) at 1 year to 37.2°C (99.0°F) at 3 years. • Pulse: 80 to 140 beats/min. • Respirations: 25 to 30 breaths/min. • Blood Pressure (1–2 years): ◦...

This episode has no educational material. highlight: checkout the podcast description. It contains a miniature study guide for the that particular episode.

Physical Growth and Vital Signs Infancy involves rapid physical maturation. Newborns may lose up to 10% of their birth weight but regain it by 10 to 14 days. Weight doubles by 4 to 6 months and triples by 1 year ,. The posterior fontanel closes by 2 months, while the anterior closes by 12 to 18 months. Vital Signs by Age: • Heart Rate: Newborn (110–160/min); Infant (90–160/min). • Respirations: Ne...

Developed by the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma following a 1976 plane crash that highlighted deficiencies in trauma care, the course is now a global standard used in over 60 countries. The core philosophy involves treating the greatest threat to life first, not allowing a lack of definitive diagnosis to delay treatment, and recognizing that a detailed history is not essential to...

Epidemiology and Unique Characteristics Injury is the leading cause of death and disability in children, surpassing all major diseases. While management priorities (ABCDEs) mirror those of adults, pediatric care requires adjustments for unique anatomy and physiology. Children have a smaller body mass, meaning impact forces are applied per smaller unit of body area, often damaging multiple organs....

Effective management of trauma in pregnancy requires a dual focus on two patients: the mother and the fetus. However, the sources emphasize that the best initial treatment for the fetus is the optimal resuscitation of the mother. To provide effective care, clinicians must navigate significant anatomical and physiological changes that alter injury patterns and responses to shock. Physiological Adap...

Demographics and Physiology The global population is aging rapidly, with older adults comprising the fastest-growing segment in the United States. As mobility and active lifestyles increase among the elderly, injury has become the fifth leading cause of death in this demographic. Geriatric trauma presents unique challenges; data shows that older adults face higher mortality rates than younger pati...

Effective management of thermal injuries prioritizes airway control, stopping the burning process, and hemodynamic resuscitation to minimize morbidity and mortality. The primary survey begins by completely removing the patient's clothing to stop burning, brushing away dry chemicals, and covering the patient with warm linens to prevent hypothermia. Airway obstruction may be insidious due to progres...

Life-Threatening Injuries The primary survey must identify life-threatening conditions, specifically major arterial hemorrhage, bilateral femur fractures, and crush syndrome. Hemorrhage control is critical, utilizing direct pressure and pressure dressings. Tourniquets are indicated for life-threatening hemorrhage but carry risks if left in place for prolonged periods; they should ideally be used w...

Patient Handling and Logrolling To safely manage a patient with potential spinal injuries, the team leader must determine the appropriate time to perform a logroll maneuver to examine the back and remove the backboard. This procedure requires strict coordination to maintain spinal alignment. One individual is assigned specifically to restrict head and neck motion , while others positioned on one s...

Surgical Management of Hematoma When addressing cranial hematomas, the sources emphasize that simple drill holes (burr holes) are frequently ineffective. Even when performed by experienced hands, they are easily placed incorrectly and rarely drain enough of the hematoma to make a clinical difference. Instead, a bone flap craniotomy is identified as the definitive, lifesaving procedure required to...

The abdomen is a diagnostic challenge because significant blood loss can occur without dramatic external changes or obvious signs of peritoneal irritation. Anatomy and Mechanism The anatomical focus extends from the nipple line to the perineum, encompassing three distinct zones: the peritoneal cavity, the retroperitoneal space (which is difficult to assess via physical exam or FAST), and the pelvi...

Renal/urologic disorders involve infection, inflammation, obstruction, and immune-mediated damage to the urinary system. UTIs (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis) occur when bacteria—mainly E. coli —enter the urinary tract. Risk factors include female anatomy, obstruction (BPH, stones), retention, catheter use, pregnancy, diabetes, and immunosuppression. Symptoms include dysuria, frequency, urge...

Renal/urologic disorders involve infection, inflammation, obstruction, and immune-mediated damage to the urinary system. UTIs (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis) occur when bacteria—mainly E. coli —enter the urinary tract. Risk factors include female anatomy, obstruction (BPH, stones), retention, catheter use, pregnancy, diabetes, and immunosuppression. Symptoms include dysuria, frequency, urge...

the recognition and management of Pedi cardiac Arrest

PALS | Management of Pedi Arrhythmias

1️⃣ Bradyarrhythmias (Slow Rhythms) Definition: HR <60 bpm with poor perfusion = treat immediately. 🌡️ Causes Hypoxia (MOST COMMON), heart block, vagal stimulation, hypothermia, drugs. 🫀 Sinus Bradycardia Recognition: P waves present, regular rhythm, slow rate. Peds Tip: Normal in athletes/sleeping; NOT normal with poor perfusion. 🟪 AV Blocks 1° AV Block: PR prolonged (>0.20s adult-equival...

1️⃣ Types of Pediatric Shock (Know These Cold) Hypovolemic 🩸: dehydration, hemorrhage Distributive 🌡️: sepsis (most common), anaphylaxis, neurogenic Cardiogenic ❤️: congenital heart disease, myocarditis Obstructive 🚫: tension pneumo, tamponade, PE 2️⃣ Universal Signs of Shock (High Yield) Tachycardia (earliest sign) Delayed cap refill > 2 sec Cool, mottled, pale skin Weak or thready pulses Al...

1️⃣ MANAGEMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS (Compensation Phase) Goal → Support oxygenation & ventilation BEFORE fatigue sets in. A. Airway Opening Maneuvers Positioning is everything Infants: sniffing position Older kids: tripod or chin lift / jaw thrust Avoid hyperextension in infants (soft trachea collapses) B. Oxygen Administration 🫧 Start low → escalate: Blow-by (infants, mild) Nasal cannula...

🌬️ PALS: Recognizing Respiratory Distress vs. Respiratory Failure — High-Yield Study Guide ⚠️ Respiratory problems are the #1 cause of pediatric cardiac arrest. Early recognition = survival. 1️⃣ Respiratory Distress — The Compensation Phase The child is still maintaining oxygenation + ventilation by working harder. 🔥 Key Signs (“WORK OF BREATHING ↑”) Tachypnea (earliest sign) Nasal flaring 👃 Ret...

Adequate O 2​ delivery depends on three components: sufficient O 2​ content in the blood, adequate blood flow to the tissues (cardiac output), and appropriate distribution of blood flow. Cardiac output (CO) , which measures the volume of blood pumped per minute, is determined by Stroke Volume (SV) multiplied by Heart Rate (HR) . SV is influenced by three factors: Preload (volume before contraction...

This is the first episode to the PALS material. THIS NOT A REPLACEMENT FOR READING THE BOOK OR ATTENDING CLASS

🔥 Med-Surg Crash Review: Lower GI Problems 1️⃣ Acute Infectious Diarrhea Main cause: Infectious agents (bacteria/viruses/parasites), often from contaminated food/water 🌎🍲. Big danger: Severe dehydration + electrolyte loss → hypovolemia & metabolic acidosis. C. diff = HIGH priority (hospital-acquired, spore-forming). Nursing Must-Knows Assess: I&O, electrolytes, H&H, skin turgor, VS,...

🔥 Med-Surg Crash Review: Lower GI Problems 1️⃣ Acute Infectious Diarrhea Main cause: Infectious agents (bacteria/viruses/parasites), often from contaminated food/water 🌎🍲. Big danger: Severe dehydration + electrolyte loss → hypovolemia & metabolic acidosis. C. diff = HIGH priority (hospital-acquired, spore-forming). Nursing Must-Knows Assess: I&O, electrolytes, H&H, skin turgor, VS,...

🧪 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) Patho: • T1DM: Autoimmune β-cell loss → absolute insulin ↓ → ketosis prone. • T2DM: Insulin resistance + relative insulin ↓; ketosis rare (stress/infection). • Prediabetes: IFG 100–125; IGT 140–199 (OGTT). Meds (need-to-know): • Insulin: Rapid lispro/aspart (≤15 min pre-meal); regular (30–45 min pre-meal); long-acting glargine/detemir/degludec (don’t mix). • Metformin: 1s...