Metabolism Made Easy

This podcast covers: 1) The major cellular fates of dietary amino acids; 2) The role of Transaminases in amino acid catabolism; 3) The purpose of the urea cycle; 4) Enzymes of the urea cycle; and 5) Regulation of the urea cycle.

This podcast covers the allosteric regulation of Phosphofructokinase 1( PFK-1). A key allosteric activator is F2,6 bis-phosphate, which is produced by PFK-2 in the well-fed state. The production of this molecule is increased by the dephosphorylation of PFK-2, the enzyme responsible for its production. insulin will activate this enzyme by promoting g its dephodphorylation. Thus resulting in higher...

This podcast covers the cellular uses of cholesterol and a brief summary of its biosyntthesis and its regulation by intracellular levels of cholesterol. Check out the podcast on regulation of HMG CoA reductase below: https://youtu.be/FNSr3G6OTBs?si=da3V5SkXGkM8STsZ Also check out how statins reduce plasma cholesterol below: https://youtu.be/HrwI02Ww3Ew Also check out the he complete podcast on Reg...

Amino acids can be classified as essential or non- essential. They can also be classified by the carbon skeletons they produce during catabolism. These carbon skeletons can be either glucogenic or ketogenic.

A Summary of Metabolism & Its Regulation :This podcast summarizes metabolism and its regulation by hormones. It includes: 1. Definition of metabolism, catabolism, anabolism, and their cellular compartments; 2. The 3 stages of catabolism; 3. The major cellular uses of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and cholesterol; 4. The major metabolic pathways that produce energy from dietary carbohydrates a...

This podcast covers some misconceptions about catabolism of glucose , fat (Triacylglycerol) and amino acids. it also compares the energy output from these three dietary components.

This podcast covers the major tissue effects of insulin and glucagon in the well-fed state and the fasting state, respectively. The key effects of these hormones on carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in various tissues are summarized.

Cell-Cell Communication is a fundamental process that is essential for the regulation of metabolism in various organs. Through hormones of the endocrine system, signals are chemically transmitted through the bloostream between different organs. The outcome of a hormone binding its specific receptor in target tissues can produce profound effects on metabolism. Insulin and its effects on the liver,...

This podcast covers the catabolism of alanine, glutamate and aspartate, including the roles of 3 important enzymes alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenage in this process. Input of nitrogen into the Urea cycle is provided directly or indirectly through the metabolism of the 3 discussed amino acids.

This podcast is an overview of the catabolism of amino acids including the initial phase of transferring amines through transaminases to an acceptor keto acid like Alpha-ketoglutarate to produce glutamate.

During fasting, fatty acids are mobilized from stored triacylglycerol in adipose tissue through the activation of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase by epinephrine which results in the release of 3 fatty acids to the bloodstream.

This podcast covers three misconceptions dietary fat and covers the crucial contributions of dietary fat to energy production/ storage, membrane synthesis, and inflammation. The key roles of cholesterol in cellular functions are also summarized.

This podcast covers some misconceptions about glucose and its perceived bad effects on health. Glucose is an essential energy source for many tissues that almost exclusively depend on it availability in the bloodstream. In fact, through coordinated release of hormones and their various tissue effects, glucose is maintained between 80-100 mg/ dl during fasting and sleep with the purpose of supplyin...

This podcast the dependence of the brain on glucose as an energy source. Although the brain can use ketone bodies, it only does that in prolonged fasts. Instead the brain can instruct other organs to release hormones that will restore blood glucose.

This pocast covers the endocrine pancreas and the role of the beta cells in secretion of insulin. The rise in bloodstream glucose triggers the increase of glucose uptake by the pancreas by glut-2 transporter, followed by an increase in glycolysiss and a rise in ATP in the cytoplasm. This rise triggers a cascade of events inside the beta cells leading to insulin release.

This podcast covers the major glucose transporters, their tissue distribution, and regulation by hormones. The key role of these transporters is to pick up glucose from the bloodstream so it can be further metabolized by the cell.

This podcast covers 4 distinct classes of receptors and their respective hormones, including the mechanism of transducing their intracellular signals. The receptors covered in detail are the steroid receptor, the insulin receptor, and 3 distinct G-protein coupled receptors, including the second messengers they produce.

This podcast covers the use of glucose and ketone bodies as energy sources by the brain. During sleep and short fasts, the brain is completely dependent on the output of glucose by the liver. Glucose is oxidized all the way to CO2 by the brain under aerobic conditions to produce up to 38ATPs.

This podcast covers the tissue distribution of various glucose transporters and their role of glucose uptake from the bloodstream, including the regulation of one transporter (Glut-4) by insulin.

This podcast covers the salvage of Hypoxanthine, guanine and adenine by two important enzymes Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) and Adeneine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT), including the outcome of an inherited deficiency in HGPRT.

This podcast covers the insulin-dependent uptake of glucose by GLUT-4 in muscle and adipose tissue. This insulin-dependent uptake by these tissues contributes to the reduction of plasma glucose after a meal. Check out the link below for the video podcast: https://youtu.be/_vyijJKL4oY

This podcast covers the essential role of glucose as an energy source for several tissues. Most notably, red blood cells and the brain. Red blood cells are entirely dependent on glucose for their energy needs while the brain is highly dependent on glucose for its energy. Glucose in the bloodstream is produced by the liver and maintained around 80-100mg/dl during fasting to provide red blood cells...

This podcast covers the four different classes of receptors that illicit intracellular signals, including steroid receptors, ion channel receptors, receptor enzymes, and G-protein coupled receptors.

This episode summarizes the key effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including the processes that are activated by insulin and the ones inhibited by it.

This podcast describes 4 distinct types of enzyme inhibitors and their mechanism of inhibition, including: substrate analogues, toxins, allosteric inhibitors, and heavy metals.