Dr. Chapa’s OBGYN Clinical Pearls

The diagnostic algorithm for primary amenorrhea is extremely logical once one understands this pathophysiology. While some patients presenting with primary amenorrhea are indeed genetic females, some are actually 46XY. Do you remember the difference between Swyer syndrome and androgen insensitivity (AIS)? In this session, we will present an easy to follow diagnostic algorithm for primary amenorrhe...

At the end of July 2021, the CDC updated its treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted infections. Changes were made to recommended treatments for chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and PID. There’s also new updated information regarding mycoplasma genitalium. In this session, we will provide a summary review of the key take-home changes made by the CDC.

In 2003, the ACOG/SMFM endorsed IM progesterone for PTB prevention. But new data has called this into question (PROLONG trial). In this session, we will review the PROLONG data and compare it to the newly released EPPPIC study. What does the ACOG now recommend? We will answer these questions and more in this session.

The last time ACOG released a practice bulletin on the prevention of preterm birth was in 2012. In August 2021, the ACOG will release a new practice bulletin addressing prediction and prevention of preterm birth. In this session, we will summarize transvaginal ultrasound for cervical length screening. Is there a “reassuring“ cervical length using TRANSABDOMINAL ultrasound? When should these be don...

Non-sexually acquired genital ulceration (NSGU) is painful ulceration of the external genitalia, usually in adolescents, unrelated to sexual activity. In this session, we will review the likely ideology, the clinical presentation, its diagnostic criteria, and the management approach for this condition.

There is a whirlwind of false/misleading information on social media regarding the COVID-19 vaccines. Some social media posts state that breast-feeding should be STOPPED after this vaccine. Is that evidence-based? What does the Academy of Breast-Feeding Medicine recommend? In this session, we will review a recent report from JAMA Pediatrics (July 2021) which provides some much needed clarification...

Our understanding of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy has changed just over the last 5 years. What is the best laboratory test to help diagnose this condition? At what level of total serum bile acids is the risk of fetal death greatest? What does the SMFM say about induction of labor for these patients? In this episode, we will highlight and summarize the latest clinical brief on ICP from the...

Thank you for sharing your message! And, most importantly, congratulations on your board certification! Hope this makes someone else smile, as it did for me.

Atypical Breast Hyperplasia may present either as Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia or Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia. Which of these two is considered the more “pre-malignant”? Is surgical excision necessary for all atypical breast hyperplasia? Who qualifies for tamoxifen? And, how does breast tomosynthesis fit into the management scheme? We will dive into these questions and more in this session.

Correction of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is not just about fixing a low “H & H”. Iron deficiency during pregnancy is associated with real adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. What is the best way to take oral iron supplementation? What about IV iron? Does “intramuscular” iron injection have a place in practice? Let’s cover these questions and more in this session.

Nifedipine is one of the most common medications used for tocolysis. However, does it actually improve neonatal outcomes? What about tocolysis in general? In this session we will review a new randomized trial from Parkland, published in July 2021 in Obstetrics Gynecology (Green Journal).

According to the latest US Census Bureau report analyzing the use of languages in the United States, over 20% of Americans speak a language other than English at home. Of this population, greater than 24% report that they do not speak English well or do not speak English at all. With a US population of more than 300 million, this makes over 70 million people with limited English proficiency. In th...

Our understanding of gestational diabetes has changed over the last two decades, and more changes are sure to come! The traditional screen between 24 to 28 weeks may actually be too late. Enter the “GO MOMs” study. This NIH study, starting now, aims to answer the persistent unknowns regarding maternal blood levels during gestation. Listen to how this remarkable study may impact our screening, diag...

Welcome back! In this session, we will review the contraindications for LEEP and the specific indications for CKC.

In 2019, the ASCCP made some impactful changes to the management algorithm for cervical dysplasia. Why was the treatment algorithm divided between those under the age of 25 years and those over 25 years of age? When is observation without excision preferred? And, what’s the best way to perform surveillance after an excision procedure? In this session, which is Part 1, we will review the guidelines...

Cesarean section is the most common laparotomy performed worldwide. So, you would think we would have a standardized way of closing the uterine incision. But we don’t! What does the data say about single layer hysterotomy closure compared to two layer closure? Is one really better for TOLAC? Is one associated with more complications than the other? The answer is a little bit more complicated than...

I love how our medical community can come together to discuss and brainstorm on better ways to care for our patients. Last night I received a message from Allison, from Chicago. Thanks Allison! She had a question regarding our recent RLS podcast and the potential role for magnesium supplementation for the condition. Is magnesium an effective treatment choice for RLS? Let’s review that data now.

Welcome to Part 2! In this session we will complete our discussion of RLS in Pregnancy and review its workup and management strategies.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), now often referred to as Willis–Ekbom Disease (WED), is a common sensorimotor disturbance much more prevalent in women and during pregnancy. Do you know the potential pathophysiological tie between pregnancy and this condition? What are RLS symptoms? What about treatment? Let’s dive into this very common, yet largely overlooked, issue in the session.

The FDA has approved Brexafemme, an antifungal drug, for treating vaginal yeast infections. The drug represents the first new antifungal drug class in 20 years. How does this new medication work? and What's the dose? Does this work for recurrent vaginal cases? Please note that there are also some cautionary items that WE MUST address here... Lets cover that now!

PROM complicates 8% of term pregnancies, approximately 270,000 births in the US annually. In this session, we summarize and review a June 2021 Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis (of RCTs) where an intracervical balloon catheter was compared with a pharmacologic agent for the induction of labor after PROM,including preterm PROM.

Hepatitis C is the most commonly reported bloodborne infection in the United States. The ACOG is updating its Hepatitis C screening guidance regrading pregnancy. In this session, we will review the May 2021 ACOG Practice Advisory regarding hepatitis see screening in pregnancy.

The ACOG will release a new Practice Bulletin in June 2021 discussing obesity in pregnancy. The prevalence of obesity in reproductive age women in the United States is 39.7% In this session we will review some key practical issues regarding cesarean sections in the obese patient. Is one type of skin closure better than the other? What is the optimal VTE pharmacological protocol? Tune in and see!

The information in this section will shake your foundation regarding what you had previously been told about the origins of preeclampsia. Is the placenta the villain or the victim? This is Part 2 of our Myth-Busting Preeclampsia Episode. We will review the maternal cardiovascular changes that actually PRE-EXIST the development of preeclampsia.

The pathophysiology of preeclampsia continues to be discovered. For decades, the placenta has been portrayed as the “villain“ in the preeclampsia saga. But is it? Evolving data is putting that into question and is eliminating previously held concepts previously thought to be true. In this episode we will myth-bust some long-standing beliefs regarding preeclampsia.