Behind the Breakthroughs

AI is transforming biomedical research, but meaningful advances in drug discovery require more than just increasingly powerful algorithms—they depend on combining machine learning with physics-based simulations, mechanistic models, and rigorous experimental validation. In this episode of Behind the Breakthroughs , Michael Antonov, co-founder of Oculus and computational drug discovery company Deep...

Philippe Pouletty, MD, is one of Europe’s most successful life sciences entrepreneurs, having spent more than 30 years building category-leading biotechnology and medical technology companies from breakthrough scientific innovations. His most notable achievement is Abivax, which he founded and chaired for a decade, transforming it into a global biotechnology leader that reached an approximately $1...

While growing up during the polio era, Arthur Caplan, PhD, saw doctors hide painful truths from families and children, which sparked his lifelong questions about power, protection, and inequality in medicine. In this episode, Caplan claims that bioethics has changed from marginalizing or abandoning disabled people to genetic testing, parental perfectionism, and personal autonomy over collective re...

Brain-computer interfaces have gained widespread attention largely for assistive applications, but Carolina Aguilar sees their greatest potential in directly treating neurological disease. Through INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, she is developing graphene-based implants designed to read and stimulate neural activity with far greater precision than conventional devices, building on insights from her 13 y...

Matthew Rabinowitz, PhD, moved from engineering to medicine after his Human Genome Project work, motivated by both scientific insight and personal loss that exposed the limits of existing genetic diagnostics. He founded Natera and later Myome, building genomic and AI-driven tools to improve disease detection, risk assessment, and prevention. In the episode, he highlights challenges. such as regula...

Precision medicine promises individualized care through data, but progress remains fragmented. Clinical, genomic, and imaging data are siloed, limiting real-world use. Jurgi Camblong, PhD, founded SOPHiA Genetics to integrate multimodal data into actionable insights, yet variability in technologies and evolving biology complicate standardization. In this episode of Behind the Breakthroughs , Cambl...

As an Origination Partner at Flagship Pioneering, Molly Gibson, PhD, co-founded her first company, Generate:Biomedicines, in 2018, where she made her mark by developing models that design novel proteins—work that has already led to a Phase 3 asthma drug. Since then, she has gone on to co-found two additional companies: Expedition Medicines and Lila Biosciences. In this episode, Molly explains why...

Xenotransplantation has long been a scientifically promising but ethically complex field, overshadowed by its limited practicality despite the growing shortage of transplantable organs and the urgent needs of patients. Recent breakthroughs, including genetically modified pig heart transplants in 2022 and 2023, have demonstrated its feasibility, marking a turning point even though long-term surviva...

Traditional drugs usually inhibit specific protein sites, but many disease-causing proteins lack accessible or unique motifs, leaving them “undruggable.” Targeted Small-molecule drugs have long been the quiet workhorses of modern medicine, slipping inside cells to target disease-driving proteins, even as biologics, immunotherapies, and genetic medicines have taken center stage in recent years. Yet...

Cancer Research Institute CEO Alicia Zhou, PhD, traces her path from teenage lab technician to leader in cancer immunotherapy. Trained at MIT and Dana-Farber, she worked on The Cancer Genome Atlas before moving to industry at Color Genomics, expanding access to clinical sequencing. Zhou champions applying advanced genomics to immunotherapy through CRI’s Discovery Engine, an open dataset mapping tu...

CRISPR has crossed a turning point, evolving from an experimental tool into a platform delivering FDA-approved therapies and on-demand patient treatments that correct disease at its source. Brad Ringeisen, a former DARPA office director and leader at the Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), has been at the center of that transition, helping guide CRISPR from early promise toward scalable clinical...

Cancer immunotherapy evolved through decades of research, with watershed moments like checkpoint inhibitor approvals and the first CAR T trial results reshaping expectations. For Zachary Roberts, MD, PhD, witnessing CAR T-induced remissions as a Mass General resident convinced him of the field’s future and drew him from academia into drug development. Now as CMO and EVP of R&D at Allogene Ther...

Geroscience sits between hype and skepticism, with headlines swinging from dubious mouse-life supplements to ethically distant fantasies like organ or head transplants. Yet precision medicine has been turning science fiction into reality. Today’s guest, Boyang Wang, thinks lifespan extension is next. Founder of Singapore-based Immortal Dragons, he backs longevity companies—from organ printing to p...

In this episode, I’m joined by Kevin Davies, PhD, Director of Professional Media Content Development at Sage Publications and acclaimed author of Editing Humanity , one of Jennifer Doudna’s favorite books on CRISPR. We explore key themes in precision medicine in 2025, including personal genomics, gene editing, and clinical impact. The discussion centers on my personal genomic testing series, major...

Precision medicine isn’t just molecular—it’s anatomical. Even as gene editing advances, many conditions still demand exquisitely targeted surgical care. That’s the world envisioned by Stereotaxis CEO David Fischel, where operations become remote, cockpit-guided missions. Using magnetic “invisible fingers,” surgeons steer ultra-soft catheters with sub-millimeter precision through fragile vessels. A...

Katherine Stueland’s early advocacy—raising money for genetic disease research as a child—shaped her belief that genomic insight can change lives. As CEO of GeneDx, she has refocused the company on high-need conditions, tripled sequencing capacity, delivered more than 750,000 exomes and genomes, and returned the company to profitability. She highlights the power of combining sequencing with the In...

When Rahul Gupta, MD, MPH, stepped down in January 2025 as Director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy, he closed a historic chapter as the first physician and first immigrant to serve as America’s “drug czar.” He steered national drug policy toward a public-health approach, advancing harm reduction, expanding naloxone access, and reframing addiction as a treatable condition...

If you work in biotech, the name Langer likely rings a bell. Robert Langer—the MIT legend behind Moderna and dozens of biotech startups—has become synonymous with innovation. Now, a new Langer is stepping forward. Michael Langer, Robert’s son, represents a new generation of investors rethinking biotech in the age of AI and data. Rather than chasing hype, he’s applying lessons from a lifetime aroun...

When a rare genetic mutation left baby KJ without any treatment options, scientists and regulators confronted a profound ethical question: should medicine move fast enough to save a single child? For geneticist Vanessa Almendro-Navarro, PhD, KJ’s case represented both an urgent humanitarian mission and a glimpse into the future of personalized medicine. In this interview, she explains how her team...

Shana Kelley, PhD, embraces bold, science-fiction-like challenges, such as developing real-time technologies to monitor immune activity—work that demands cross-disciplinary expertise, flexible funding, and visionary leadership. As a Professor at Northwestern University and President of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, she advances “instrumented tissues” to precisely measure biological processes...

Mara Aspinall has long been a leader in precision medicine, championing diagnostics as vital to better treatments and saving lives. She built Genzyme Genetics into the nation’s top testing business, later acquired by LabCorp for $1 billion, and led Ventana (now Roche Tissue Diagnostics) in pioneering companion diagnostics. As co-founder of BlueStone Venture Partners and partner at Illumina Venture...

David R. Liu, PhD, Harvard and Broad Institute professor, invented base and prime editing—gene editing tools now in 20+ clinical trials with early wins against sickle cell, leukemia, and more. Founder of Editas, Beam, and Prime Medicine, and winner of the 2025 Breakthrough Prize, Liu joins Behind The Breakthroughs to share how chemistry and evolution are driving the next wave of medicine. Produced...

Janice Chen, PhD, helped transform CRISPR from a lab discovery into a life-saving tool. As co-founder of Mammoth Biosciences with Jennifer Doudna, Trevor Martin, and Lucas Harrington, she’s driven efforts to harness CRISPR for human health and diagnostics. On Behind the Breakthroughs , Chen shares how she’s turning a once-theoretical gene editor into a medical revolution. Produced and hosted by Jo...

With recent safety setbacks in gene therapy underscoring the risks of genetic medicine, Amber Salzman, PhD, is charting a different course. After 25 years in big pharma, she now leads Epicrispr, where their Gene Expression Modulation System (GEMS) fine-tunes gene activity to tackle diseases too complex for traditional gene replacement, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy. On Behind the Breakthro...

Think Good Will Hunting —but in biology. Mike Previte, PhD, once at Illumina and now CTO and co-founder of Element Biosciences, is building tools to move beyond DNA and RNA sequencing toward a true 5D view of life. On Behind the Breakthroughs , he explains how technologies like AVITI 24 could unlock predictive precision medicine by revealing how cells behave across time and space. Produced and hos...