Authentic Biochemistry

References Experimental & Molecular Medicine volume51, Article number: 80 (2019) Am J Nephrol.2017;46(5):371-379 EMBO Rep . 2003 Aug;4(8):774-80 J Biol Chem. 2020 Jul 3;295(27):9052-9060 Mol Immunol. 2017Aug;88:125-134

As an hypothetico-deduction,  Dr. Guerra proposes that the Recombination Activating Gene-RAG System is a Potential Candidate in Age Associated Morbidity. In conjunction with a neutral sphingomyelinase and the subsequent synthesis of diacylglycerol thence promoting activation of a PKC-Zeta, T cell receptor translocation and activation are obtained.  Prior RAG mediated recombination events...

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and  copy-number variations (CNV’s)  result from genome wide chromosomal abnormalities including large deletions and duplications where the the immune system appears to play a major role in  the accumulation of chromosomal variation. Aging in humans may be linked to immune-mediated epigenomic epistasis as facilitated by Recombination Activating Gene p...

Neuroinflammatory mediators play a critical role in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia, exerting either deleterious effects on the progression of tissue damage or beneficial roles during recovery and repair. These processes occur throughout life and involve the immune system, biochemical pathways, cellular turnover and alteration of gene expression. Signal transduction cascades allow for genome...

An Introduction to the theory of immunoepigenetic tailoring of human instanence. Dr. Guerra Authentic Biochemistry Podcast Studios

J Immunol August 1, 2017, 199 (3) 874-884 Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018. 34:111-136 Blood. 2016 Apr 14;127(15):1930-9 J BiolChem. 2017 Aug 25; 292(34): 14292–14307

What is involved to make a sound decision? Biochemistry is a scientific discipline; one that examines and interprets the foundational structures and functions of living systems. As with any judgment, as there are reasons for believing, there are also reasons for disbelieving, and the freely willed decision to choose which, should involve the discovery of truths to use as exemplars for seeking cohe...

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology Vol. 34:111-136 Journal of Neuroscience 23 October 2019, 39 (43) 8576-8583 Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis 2013 Apr;61(2):119-25.

 In this foundational lipid absorption lecture,  Dr. Guerra address the roles of apo- lipoproteins, triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters with membrane associated caveolae transport in adipocytes, endothelia and skeletal muscle. An Authentic Biochemistry Podcast Production. 25 March 2021.

Electron transport and the anapleurotics of intermediary metabolism. Dr. Daniel J. Guerra Authentic Biochemistry Studios 21.3.21

•Impaired immunological responsiveness is common in the elderly •The immunological competence of an individual is determined by the presence of mature lymphocytes formed in primary lymphoid organs, and secondary lymphoid tissues such as the liver, lung and GI tract. •Immunological equilibrium requires steady lymphocyte output, and controlled expansion •Thymic and lymph-node stromal microenvironmen...

•Cytokines regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response, and  they can act as growth factors or stimulants or even inhibitors of T cell amplification and differentiation. •Cytokines are glycoproteins that are synthesized through a dolichol PP mediated pathway in the ER and are thus dependent upon prenyl lipid metabolism Endoplasmic reticulum localized ADPGK serves glycoprotein s...

1. Glucokinase- GK is in the neuron 2.Control over glycolysis via GK mediates neural transmission 3.  Neuronal GK further functions on  the appetite/satiety axis thus partially regulating the HPA axis 4. Aging and immune associated dysfunction of these glycolytic systems are associated with neurodegeneration and the loss of neuronal action potential mediated learning, memory, and mood. T...

If  γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration drops significantly in the synaptic cleft, excitotoxicity can obtain, sometimes presenting with epileptic convulsions. This can be reversed by decreasing the concentration of L-glutamate via control over the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate transporters or by  the inhibition of  γ-aminobutyric acid a...

A basic lecture on reactive oxygen synthesis and reduction coupled with glutathione, folic acid and amino acid metabolism. This lecture is foundational for subsequent synthesis with neural transmission, microglial activation and exicitotoxicity leading to neurodegeneration in the aging human CNS. Please subscribe, rate and review, and  contribute to Authentic Biochemistry! djgphd@gmail.com Pu...

CPS-1 activity is regulated by liver enriched transcription factors as well as Sirtuin-mediated de-acylation. Glutaminase breaks down glutamine into glutamate and ammonia. Glutamate also yields additional NH4+ via the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. From here, ammonia is initially incorporated into hepatocyte mitochondria and ultimately results in the formation of urea. Urea subsequently leaves th...

Glutaminase breaks down glutamine into glutamate and ammonia. Glutamate also yields additional urea via the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. From here, ammonia is initially incorporated into hepatocyte mitochondria and ultimately results in the formation of urea. Urea subsequently leaves the hepatocyte cytoplasm and is ultimately excreted in urine. Sirtuin mediated control over glutamate dehydrogen...

SIRT5 causes deglutarylation and functional activation of glutamate dehydrogenase 1  which is  essential to cellular glutaminolysis. Indeed, SIRT5 supports the anaplerotic transamination entry of glutamine and other amino acids as alpho ketoglutarate into the TCA cycle in malignant phenotypes of colorectal cancer via activation of the glutamate dehydrogenase1. Sirt5 is known to regulate...

The Pyruvate dehydrogenase hydrated E1-E2 interface is  enthalpy driven, while the dehydrated  E3-peripheral subunit binding domain complex is driven by entropy obtaining a favourable  delta G= delta H-T delta S=  -33.4kj mol where the domain interfacial hydration obtains surface  thermal complementarity  and contributes finally to an aggregate  strength of multi...

• Free energy change (chemical potential difference) for transporting 1 mole of a substance from region where its concentration is C 1 ( e.g. , C out) to region where its concentration is C 2 ( e.g. , C in): ∆ G = RT ln( C 2/ C 1) (favorable with ∆ G < 0 if C 2< C 1) • Transport of ions across membrane (must consider electrical potential in addition to concentration difference): ∆ G = RT ln(...

Mini Lecture 1 on Membrane Physiological Biochemistry. The amino acid sequence of membrane associated polypeptides obtains secondary structure, glycosylation, acylation and hydropathy which confer functionality (in part) by targeting specific membrane domains.

For Valentine's Day Eve. A bouquet assortment of  biochemical  thermodynamic principles and  metaphysical event ontologies. To finish my thoughts:  Is life necessary? How to answer this question? One way is to ask if there is sufficient reason for its existence. Outside of spiritual or theological discussion, the answer is compellingly obscure especially since we find no authen...

*Oncogenesis eventuates genetic mutation to epigenetic gene expression mechanisms with molecular signatures either inappropriately proscribed, incorrectly prescribed upon writing as  dangerous and deleterious, or erasure;  leaving a corrupted  chromatin result.  *Tumor cells obtain proliferative autonomy, autophagous –self-maintenance in growth and signaling, neovascularization...

Intra abdominal adiposity (IAA)  linked obesity may be the most significant contributory factor to high mortality human disease after aging. IAA  presents with systemic and chronic inflammation and enlarged White Adipose Tissue (WAT) adipocytes that have been infiltrated with lymphocytes and macrophages that secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and inappropriate...

*Adipose tissue is the endocrine organ that secretes “adipokines” *Nothing new to the Authentic Biochemistry crew; adipokines have been very well discussed here and their function as mediators of the feeding/appetitive/satiety response through the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (POMCvNPY neurons) was most recently addressed. *Adipokines mediate the BMI, heart rate, serum glucose &fatty ac...