BIAR BUKU BICARA

Purpose: To examine relationships among age, retinal vessel calibre, and vessel density, and determine whether arterial and venous calibre statistically account for part of the association between age and corresponding vessel density. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 384 eligible right-eye colour fundus image records from two clinical centres. Retinal vascul...

Vestibular dysfunction is a prevalent age-related condition that substantially impairs health-related quality of life (HRQoL) through its effects on physical, psychological, and social functioning. However, current evidence remains fragmented, with limited integration of the biological, functional, and psychosocial mechanisms underlying reduced HRQoL in older adults. This narrative review synthesi...

The cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) is an important complex for oocyte maturation. Gene expression in the cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte is crucial for regulating maturation. Abnormal gene expression in the cumulus-oocyte complex may inhibit oocyte maturation and subsequently lead to infertility. A thorough understanding of impacted gene expression profiles and molecular pathways in infertile w...

In Malaysia, primary healthcare plays a critical role in overall healthcare performance, provided by both the public and private sectors. However, many Medical Officers (MOs) and General Practitioners (GPs) lack postgraduate qualifications in general practice, which may affect the quality of primary care services. To address this gap, a Postgraduate Diploma Program in General Practice (PGDGP) was...

Engineered therapeutic microbes represent a promising strategy to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus; however, the absence of predictive biosafety frameworks remains a major barrier to their clinical translation. Here, we present an in silico design of a dual-function Escherichia coli genetic circuit integrating pathogen sensing via the AgrC/AgrA system, targeted l...

Robust statistical methods have become increasingly important in the presence of contaminated data, particularly in regression-based goodness of fit testing. The classical coefficient of determination is highly sensitive to deviations from assumptions such as normality and the absence of contaminated data. To address this limitation, this study investigates the properties of a robust coefficient o...

This paper proposes a co-clustering framework for sparse topic classification, which incorporates orthogonality and sparse regularization via non-negative matrix tri-factorization The proposed model integrates two key components, namely norm regularization on both factor matrices to promote row sparsity, thereby enhancing noise robustness and facilitating the selection of informative features and...

Universities increasingly consider machine learning (ML) to help screen applications for need-based scholarships. Such models learn from past award decisions and may carry forward the group differences they contain, yet they are usually tested on the same intake used to build them. In practice, a model built on one year is applied to the next. This study examines whether a fairness audit of one in...

Objective motion monitoring is frequently absent from unsupervised home-based vestibular and balance rehabilitation programs, which makes it challenging for patients to adhere to recommended movement boundaries and for clinicians to assess performance. This research introduces VertoTrack, a low-cost wearable Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) prototype that can provide threshold-based aural alarms...

Audio steganography hides secret messages inside audio files, enabling covert communication without drawing attention. Audio steganography methods aim to achieve high imperceptibility, robust performance, and high payload capacity. While traditional techniques like Least Significant Bit (LSB) coding offer good imperceptibility, they are highly vulnerable to statistical steganalysis and signal mani...

Security Operations Centres (SOCs) form the operational core of cyber defence strategies across the world. They are tasked with ensuring continuous monitoring, triage, detection, and response to ever-evolving threats. However, conventional performance metrics used to evaluate SOC efficacy—such as Mean Time to Detect (MTTD), Mean Time to Respond (MTTR), and false positive rates—primarily assess sys...

The rise of quantum computing presents a critical threat to classical public-key cryptographic systems, necessitating a global shift toward post-quantum cryptography (PQC). While algorithmic standardisation has seen substantial progress since the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initiated its call for PQC proposals in 2017, the integration of these algorithms into certificate-...

This study investigates the discrimination between pig leather and Polyurethane (PU) leather using Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques. Genuine leather derived from pig hides presents unique biochemical signatures linked to its collagen structure. In contrast, PU leather is a synthetic polymer engineered to replicate the visual and tactile properties of natural hi...

This paper outlines the development of an Arabic exam question generator that utilizes advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and a comprehensive Arabic corpus. The primary aim is to aid educators in automating the process of crafting exam questions tailored specifically for A1-level Arabic learners. By harnessing the capabilities of NLP, the system integrates sequence-to-sequence (...

Microarray gene expression profiling has transformed biomedical research by enabling large-scale, parallel analysis of thousands of genes. Despite its promise, cancer classification using Machine Learning (ML) on microarray data continues to face critical challenges, particularly due to high dimensionality, limited sample sizes, and severe class imbalance. These factors contribute to overfitting,...

Many judicial systems are currently undergoing a significant digital transformation; however, there is no clear way to measure whether their Electronic Court Case Management Systems (ECCMS) are truly mature or not. In Malaysia, several nationwide court modernization programs have been underway. Since 2013, the end-user evaluation has remained somewhat fragmented. In this study, we propose an impro...

This study investigates the capabilities of the identified 0debug Stealer malware through qualitative static analysis and reverse engineering. This study primarily employs non-executional static techniques, such as fingerprinting, decompiling, and string extraction, with a bit of dynamic analysis used primarily for deobfuscation. Analysis confirms that obfuscation hinders direct examination, yet r...

The security of data during communication is an ever-growing challenge, as outdated algorithms face increasing vulnerability. Audio steganography offers a promising alternative by embedding data within audio signals in a manner that is imperceptible to human listeners. Recent advancements in cover selection as well as cover generation techniques have improved the quality and suitability of audio f...

Symmetric cryptography, particularly the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is widely used for secure data transmission due to its computational efficiency and strong encryption structure. However, limited internal randomness in AES makes it susceptible to advanced cryptanalytic attacks. To address this limitation, this research proposes an enhanced encryption approach that integrates Genetic Alg...

Recent years have witnessed a rise in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities, as reported by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR, 2022). Public preparedness, particularly among youth and rural populations, remains limited due to the absence of accessible and engaging educational tools. Conventional approaches o...

The 2023 Malaysian Budget increased the maximum compensable unused leave for public employees from 160 to 180 days, significantly raising future liabilities for public sector employers. Under the Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standard (MPERS), universities must recognise these benefits, which are payable upon retirement or death, as actuarial liabilities. Existing tools, such as the Jabatan...

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative tool in higher education, offering secure, transparent, and tamper-proof systems for credential verification, academic record management, and institutional data governance. Despite its potential, adoption remains limited due to technical, financial, and organizational barriers, alongside a lack of validated measurement tools to assess readiness...

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a rapidly growing benign lesion of the skin and mucous membrane. Its etiology is still unclear. It is suggested to have arisen either due to trauma or hormonal influences. Pyogenic granuloma is regularly found in the oral cavity. Even though it is rare, it does occur in the nasal cavity and a few cases of pyogenic granuloma have been reported among the paediatric populat...

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease and an inherited autosomal recessive trait. It is characterised by a deficiency of an enzyme complex, resulting in an excess of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are toxic to the nervous system. Our four cases generally presented with lethargy and poor feeding weeks after birth. They were all treated for sepsis unti...

The diversity of investment in Malaysia provides an excellent platform to gauge volatility. Malaysia as an emerging market with a rich Islamic culture serves as an inspiration to randomly model a portfolio of 50 Shariah compliant stock returns from 2015 to 2020. The systematic risk of a company’s stock returns is measured by computing the volatility and downside volatility for the said period. The...