That Shakespeare Life

On previous episodes of That Shakespeare Life, we have talked about the numerous early modern card games that show up in Shakespeare's plays, and even that Ferdinand and Miranda are playing the game of Chess in the Tempest. What you may be surprised to learn is that another form of early modern game playing—the game of dice—comes up over half a dozen times across Shakespeare's works, with referenc...

In Shakespeare's play, Macbeth, there's a famous banquet scene, with a huge food spread and of course, a few ghosts because what's a party without a few spectres, right? This scene is fictional, but it is based on a real historical person, the real King Macbeth of Scotland, and holding banquets in a castle absolutely happened. Here today to share with us what foods would have been eaten at the rea...

The last time we talked about Judith Quiney was to discuss her youth as the younger sister of Susanna Shakespeare, the twin of Hamnet, and the overall blacksheep of her famous family due to her husband's excommunication and the marriage scandal causing her father, William Shakespeare, to re-write his will to exclude Judith. The details of Judith Quiney's life are as sparse, as they are tantalizing...

In  As You Like It, Orlando says " Which I take to be either a fool or a cipher." that's one of a dozen references to ciphers in Shakespeare's plays, which reflects the place of ciphers as a common way to keep secrets, particularly among the elite, for Shakespeare's lifetime. One of the most famous ciphers for Shakespeare's lifetime was written between 1578 and 1584, while Shakespeare was just get...

A "Last Will and Testament" is a document listing out the instructions for how to handle your remaining worldly goods after your death. It is an opportunity for the living to share their wishes from beyond the grave. In As You Like It, Orlando mentions this practice by saying "...give me the poor allottery my father left me by testament; with that I will go buy my fortunes." In Julius Caesar the g...

With all the death in Shakespeare's works, you may not be shocked that the word "Funeral" comes up in Shakespeare's plays over 20 times, but what is surprising is that funeral ceremonies are used by Shakespeare in multiple plays to serve a specific role, almost a character in and of themselves for how they impact the plot. Most notably, and my apologies here for any spoilers, the play is still wor...

The Curtain Theatre was built in 1577 in a section of London called Shoreditch. Constructed only about 200 yards, or 600 feet, away from The Theater, which is the building James and Richard Burbage built as the first purpose built theater in London. For context, this distance about half a city block in Manhattan, and little less than 1 city block in Chicago. In 1585, the Burbages took advantage of...

In Shakespeare's Two Gentlemen of Verona, Proteus says "Here's too small a pasture for such store of muttons." Proteus is speaking metaphorically here, but the phrase refers to the relationship between animals raised in a field, and then processed for food to be stored away in a cache that can be drawed upon for consuming later. Stephano, in the Tempest, shares the location of his store of wine, s...

William Shakespeare never mentions the celebration of Candlemas by name in his works, but we know Shakespeare was involved in the celebration of Candlemas in 1602 from a diary entry written by a man named John Manningham, who wrote about attending a performance of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, on February 2 of that year, the traditional Feast Day of Candlemas. This 1602 performance took place at Mi...

Shakespeare uses the phrase, "Hue and cry" twice in his plays. Once in Henry IV Part 1and again inMerry Wives of Windsor. In the Middle Ages, this phrase represented acivilian peacekeeping effort that remained officially on the books in England until the19thcentury. Amounting, on an extremely basic level, to what those in the US mayrecognize as a "citizen's arrest," hue and cry allowed the average...

The spectacular downfall of King Richard II, followed by the successors Henry IV and then Henry V, are famously depicted in Shakespeare's plays. The Life and Death of King Richard II is a prequel to what's known as Shakespeare's Henriad plays, or the Henry Plays, consisting of Henry IV Part 1, Henry IV part 2, and Henry V. Richard II is believed to have been written around 1595, and while the play...

Shakespeare may not mention the word "golf" in his plays, and in exploring history, it seems that the game was a little bit obscure, certainly not something played widely, but nevertheless it was present for Shakespeare's lifetime, with some major moments for golf history overlapping with the life of William ShakespeareFor example, it was England's King James I, patron of Shakespeare's company the...

January 6 is the day that many celebrate a holiday called Epiphany, the first manifestation of Jesus as the Son of God to the Gentiles, which happened through the visit of the Magi, or the Three Kings, who visited Jesus and brought him the now famous gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrr. The holiday was celebrated in Shakespeare's lifetime, but just like today when the holiday is marked by cultur...

When the weather was cold in England, it could get frigidly cold, even causing the rivers and lakes to freeze over. In Elizabethan England, you may be surprised to learn that ice sports, such as skating, even hockey, were practiced on the ice in wintertime. To share with us the history of these sports, the archaeological record that survives to demonstrate that history, as well as what we know abo...

A drink, as much as it was songs and a group activity, wassail has been a traditional part of the Christmas season in England, and particularly a favorite of Twelfth Night celebrations, for centuries, including before and during the life of William Shakespeare. In Shakespeare's Macbeth, Lady Macbeth talks about wine and wassail going together to muddle up the brain, Falstaff mentions a wassail can...

Shakespeare's plays mention horses over 300 times across his works, reflecting the huge place in the every day lives of people that this animal occupied. For something that was so essential for travel and for work, it makes sense that a horse owner would want to make sure their horse received the best of care. The art of horse doctoring in the 16th century generally fell under the purview of the b...

Mead has been made since ancient times and is the poster drink for historical gatherings, often being carried around in a large mug. You may know that this beverage is alcoholic, but you may be surprised to learn how it is different from other alcoholic drinks, particularly in the 16th century. If you look up mead today, it's known as a honey wine and can be mixed with a variety of herbs and spice...

In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the nurse complains of a headache saying "Lord, how my head aches! what a head have I! It beats as it would fall in twenty pieces." In 1582, Bartholomew the Englishman's 13th century text was reprinted in London, describing a condition called "emigraina" that Bartholomew defined as "similar to hammers beating in the head." Whether it was called emigraina, head ac...

Samoset is a name spoken with respect around American dinner tables every November as we celebrate Thanksgiving, when Samoset is remembered with gratitude, for being willing to bridge the language gap for the English colonists who had just arrived at Plymouth. While Samoset's visit to the colonists happened 5 years after Shakespeare's death, the rest of Samoset's life is actually contemporary with...

Shakespeare has all kinds of references to doors in his works, at least 195 instances of the actual word "door" in fact, and for many of us, we probably gloss over the word 'Door" thinking we understand what he's talking about. However, architectural history tells us that doors were actually quite different for Shakespeare's lifetime than what we have today from how they were made, to how they wer...

All 4 of Shakespeare's references to the word "gamut" show up in his play Taming of the Shrew where the characters talk about learning, and teaching, the "gamut." If you've ever heard the expression "run the gamut" or "cover the gamut" these expressions are based on an 11th century understanding of the word "gamut" developed by the musician and monk named Guido d'Arezzo, who used the term to descr...

Tomorrow night, November 5, is when many in England will celebrate an occasion known as Bonfire Night. They celebrate this day to mark the moment King James I was saved from the Gunpowder Plot (along with many in his government) when Guy Fawkes was thwarted in his attempt to blow up England's Parliament using gunpowder hidden beneath the building during an official government meeting. The event wa...

Shakespeare made the three witch sisters famous in his play, Macbeth, by showcasing their manupulative power, encantations, and their famous pot of double double toil and trouble. While this version of witches makes for a fun spoof at Halloween parties today, when Shakespeare was originally bringing these sisters to life on stage, witches were not only considered real beings, but were thought to b...

Revenge Tragedy is a genre of plays, applied posthumously to Shakespeare's works. Just like modern day film and tv has genres like romance, western, or comedy, plays of Shakespeare's lifetime had these categories, too, and today we're going to explore a particular subcategory of tragedy known as Revenge Tragedies. While the genre itself didn't exist in Shakespeare's lifetime, the plays and what th...

In 1552, a lexicographer gave us the word "noctivagation" which means walking around at night. The word itself was a legal term for Shakespeare's lifetime, used to describe someone that wandered around at night without any particular purpose. Vagrancy, on the whole, was frowned upon for Shakespeare's lifetime, but vagrancy at night was viewed with extreme suspicion. In fact, walking around at nigh...