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"For Christ did not please himself," Paul writes. As he concludes his discussion of relationships in the Church, St. Paul brings us back to the premier example of Christ and the love of God. Chrysostom adds that it is not merely love that He requires but that we be of one mind, one phronema. Why is this important in the Church? St. John Chrysostom will explain it.

"But he who has doubts is condemned, if he eats, because he does not act from faith; Whatever does not proceed from faith is sin." St. Paul concludes Romans 14 with a stark statement concerning faith, doubt, and judgment. After saying that he is convinced that nothing is unclean, how can Paul now say that someone who eats is condemned? This verse makes an important point concerning one's conscienc...

“Do not let your good be spoken of as evil.” How can good be spoken of as evil? As we continue St. Paul’s lessons on love and the correct Christian attitude toward each other, how are we to apply that lesson against judging another servant of the Lord? It's easy to talk about loving others, but as a practical matter, how do we resolve conflicts in our own parish community over various issues? Does...

“As for the man who is weak in faith, welcome him, but not for disputes over opinions. One believes he may eat anything while the weak man eats only vegetables” (Rom. 14:1-2). As we begin chapter 14 of Romans, Paul warns us not to have disputes over food. He describes some Christians as “the weak” while presumably others would be “the strong.” Orthodox Christians might be surprised about who is co...

"Love is the fulfillment of the Law." St. Paul brackets his statements of advice for the Roman Christians by returning to the subject of love. It is easy to talk about love or to believe that we are loving toward our fellow human beings. But what do the holy Fathers tell us about how this commandment to love ought to be demonstrated in the ordinary situations of daily life?

"Let every person be subject to the governing authorities." The first few verses of Romans 13 are the basis for what has traditionally been called "the Divine Right of Kings." On the basis of this section of Romans, monarchs claimed that worldly powers received their authority from God, and for that reason, the populace was obligated to obey them. The question of the relationship between Christian...

"Let every person be subject to the governing authorities." The first few verses of Romans 13 are the basis for what has traditionally been called "the Divine Right of Kings." On the basis of this section of Romans, monarchs claimed that worldly powers received their authority from God, and for that reason, the populace was obligated to obey them. The question of the relationship between Christian...

We will continue discussing Paul's words of encouragement in Romans 12. After his description of spiritual gifts and how they ought to be used both within the community and to help those outside the Church, he turns his attention to address how we ought to react to those who oppose us. This passage contains one of the most peculiar verses in Romans: that by being kind even to one's enemy, we there...

The final chapters of Romans are among the most poetic and inspirational passages of the entire Bible. As we continue our deep dive into Romans 12, we will uncover the richness and power of Paul's pastoral instructions and the patristic application to our lives.

"Do not be conformed to this world but be transformed by the renewal of your mind." This famous verse introduces a new section of Romans which focuses on Christian phronema: our lifestyle and manner of thought. What do the Orthodox mean by terms like "illumination" and "sanctification" and "deification"? How do such terms relate to Paul's instructions in Romans 12 and elsewhere in Romans about the...

Paul has finished his discussion of the future of the Jewish people and their role in the plan of salvation. Now, in Chapter 12, he begins a new section of Romans, a new section of the letter, the "paranesis" which contains many of the most memorable passages of Romans. Paul began by telling us not to be conformed to this world but to be transformed. What did he mean by that?

Paul struggled to understand why his own people rejected the Messiah. His conclusion was surprising: it was part of the plan of God that the Jewish people did not accept the Christ. Why? And does this mean that they had no choice? What will happen to the Jews in the future? Join us as we continue in the book of Romans with a discussion of chapter11 and conclude Paul's thoughts on the Jewish reject...

What did Paul mean that Jesus became "a curse"? Does that mean that he was cursed by God? If we are saved by faith, How do we know what the Bible means by "faith"? Is it intellectual conviction or something more than that? Join us as we continue our discussion of Romans 9 to 11 and St. Paul's thoughts on the question of Jewish unbelief in Jesus.

After years of evangelization, in Romans 9 Paul expresses his deep anguish over the fact that most Jews have not accepted Jesus as the Messiah. Since the Messiah was promised to the Jewish people and God is faithful to His promises, why did most Jews reject the Lord's Messiah?

What does it mean to live in the Spirit? Paul articulated the grace received through baptism and recognized that nonetheless a spiritual struggle continues within us. Paul turns his attention in Romans 8 to the work of the Spirit in the life of the Christian. How does the Spirit work within us? If baptism and Chrismation alone are not enough, what are we to do and how does the cross of Christ rela...

Having explained the grace we receive in the Mystery of Holy Illumination in Romans 6, St. Paul is nonetheless completely honest about the reality of Christian life and the continuous spiritual struggle required. He expresses the experience of all of us. Too often we do what we do not want to do, and what we actually want to do is not what we end up doing. Why is this the case and what can we do a...

Having established that we are saved by Christ not the Law of Moses, justified because we believe in him, Paul continues his careful exposition in Romans to explain the effects of this new reality. How does the salvation achieved by Christ for all humanity occur for an individual person? In Romans 6, Paul explains that "justification" marks only the beginning of the process of salvation. After acc...

Dr. Constantinou discusses Paul's explanation of baptism. Romans 6 is the most important passage in the New Testament for the Orthodox understanding of what baptism is and its role in the Christian life. Why does Paul discuss baptism at this point? What does it have to do with everything that came before—salvation by faith, Abraham and his faith, Adam and the fall?

Dr. Constantinou continues her discussion of Romans 5, especially St. Augustine's ideas about sin. His writings tremendously impacted what Western Christianity thought—and still believes—about sin and also about God. Why do wrong ideas about the nature of sin lead to wrong ideas about God?

In Romans 5, Paul explains the role of Christ in salvation in relation to Adam. How can Christ be a "type" of Adam, since Adam sinned and Christ did not? Does this chapter support the interpretation of universal salvation? Since all "died in Adam," will all "live in Christ"? Western Christian understanding of sin and its effects on the human race was strongly influenced by Augustine's interpretati...

Dr. Jeannie wraps up her overview of the state of the Latin Church during the Middle Ages, especially the papacy. She will then turn her attention to Romans chapter 4 and St. Paul's brilliant and important insight about Abraham.

Dr. Constantinou presents an overview of the developments in the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages which led to the Protestant Reformation. Why did the Reformation happen?

Dr. Constantinou continues her study of Romans 3 and the meaning of justification. As we move forward into chapter 4, St. Paul introduces the figure of Abraham, considered by Jews to be a model of Torah obedience. Paul's insight into Abraham's character led to a profound shift in his thoughts about the Law and created an entirely different kind of life for Gentile believers.

Dr. Constantinou continues her study of Romans by delving into chapter 3, in which Paul explains that no one is righteous in the sight of God. Fr. Costas will join us for an in-depth discussion of the meaning of that very important word in Romans: "righteousness" or "justification." What is the history and nuance, Greek and Jewish, behind this word? What did it mean in Paul's culture to be "justif...

Dr. Constantinou continues her discussion of the Beast of the Sea, also known as the Antichrist, of Revelation 13, specifically focusing on the "mark of the beast." What is the mark and how does one receive the mark? What form might this take in the future? We will also respond to a listener's email question about the fall of the devil from heaven and look at St. John Chrysostom's comments on the...