Reformed Thinking

Deep Dive into The Moody Handbook of Theology, Revised and Expanded by Paul Enns - Theology of the Monarchical Era The Davidic covenant represents the peak of the kingdom concept in the Old Testament, serving as a specific amplification of God’s earlier promises to Abraham. While Abraham was promised a great name and a multitude of descendants, the covenant with David established a perpetual royal...

Deep Dive into The Treasury of David by Charles Spurgeon - Psalm 41 Psalm 41 serves as a profound meditation on the intersection of human kindness, divine faithfulness, and the bitterness of betrayal. While rooted in David’s own experiences of suffering and slander, the psalm is primarily viewed as a prophetic song regarding Jesus Christ. It serves as a bridge between the experience of the faithfu...

Deep Dive into A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Psalms by John Peter Lange - Psalm 1 Psalm 1 serves as a foundational prologue to the entire collection of Psalms, establishing a clear ethical and spiritual dichotomy between two ways of living. It functions as a general introduction to the principle of the Jewish theocracy: that a life of righteousness leads to prosperity and happiness, while t...

Deep Dive into The King in His Beauty: A Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments by Thomas R. Schreiner - The Gospel According to John and the Johannine Epistles The Synoptic Gospels and Acts proclaim the arrival of God’s kingdom through Jesus, the Davidic King. In contrast, the Johannine writings emphasize "life" —specifically eternal life. While distinct in style, both framewor...

Deep Dive into Lectures to My Students by Charles Spurgeon - Where Can We Find Anecdotes and Illustrations? Charles Spurgeon advises ministers on the art of finding anecdotes, emphasizing that one must never fabricate stories ; truthfulness is paramount. If a story’s factual basis is doubtful, it should be discarded, as the entire world serves as an ample storehouse for legitimate illustrations. T...

Deep Dive into הוּא The Hebrew word hū’ primarily serves as the third-person singular masculine pronoun , translated as "he" or "it." Its feminine counterpart is hī’ , meaning "she." A significant linguistic feature found throughout the Pentateuch is the use of hū’ as an epicene or common-gender pronoun , representing both masculine and feminine subjects. Scholars sug...

Deep Dive into Written for Our Hope: How Scripture Forms Endurance, Encouragement, and Unity (Romans 15:4) The sources argue that the Old Testament is a divinely preserved treasury essential for the modern believer, refuting the "chronological snobbery" that views ancient scriptures as irrelevant or "unhitched" from the gospel. Romans 15:4 establishes that "whatever was wr...

Deep Dive into When the Bridegroom Arrives: Fasting, Fulfillment, and the New Wine of Christ (Matthew 9:14–17) The dialogue in Matthew 9:14–17 reveals a profound theological rift between the fading Old Covenant and the radiant New Covenant of grace. When the disciples of John the Baptist ask why Jesus’ followers do not fast, they expose a heart that views religious discipline as a spiritual scoreb...

Deep Dive into Lift Up Your Eyes: Living by Promise (Genesis 13:14–18) Genesis 13:14–18 describes a pivotal moment where Abram’s costly choice to prioritize peace over prosperity is met by divine assurance. After Abram allows his nephew Lot to choose the lush Jordan plain, he is left in the rocky highlands. The sources emphasize that God speaks to Abram only after this separation , suggesting that...

Deep Dive into A History of the Work of Redemption by Jonathan Edwards - From Christ's Resurrection to the End of the World - The Success of Redemption from the Time of Constantine to the Rise of Antichrist The period between the overthrow of the heathen Roman Empire under Constantine and the rise of Antichrist represents a pivotal era in the history of redemption. Although Constantine’s victo...

Deep Dive into Institutes of the Christian Religion by John Calvin - The Jurisdiction of the Church and Its Abuse as Seen in the Papacy John Calvin critiques the Roman Papacy for its usurpation of worldly power , arguing that its claims to universal supremacy are based on robbery and fraud rather than divine right. Drawing on historical and theological arguments, he asserts that the apostolic offi...

Deep Dive into The Treasury of David by Charles Spurgeon - Psalm 40 Psalm 40 is a profound Messianic prophecy authored by David but speaking directly of Jesus Christ . It transitions from personal thanksgiving for divine deliverance to a declaration of the Messiah’s total dedication to the Father's will. The sources emphasize that the patience of Jesus is unrivaled, as He waited upon God even...

Deep Dive into Commentaries on the Epistles of Paul to the Galatians and Ephesians by John Calvin - Galatians 2 Paul’s second journey to Jerusalem served as a crucial moment for validating his divine commission and the integrity of the gospel. He traveled not to seek permission from the other apostles but to demonstrate that his message, received through revelation, was in perfect alignment with t...

Deep Dive into The King in His Beauty: A Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments by Thomas R. Schreiner - The Gospel According to Luke and the Acts of the Apostles In the two-volume work of Luke and Acts, the kingdom of God serves as the primary theological framework. This overarching theme spans from Jesus’ birth as the promised Davidic Messiah to Paul’s final, bold preaching in Rome. Luk...

Deep Dive into Mere Christianity by C. S. Lewis - The "Cardinal Virtues" C.S. Lewis explores the four "Cardinal" virtues —Prudence, Temperance, Justice, and Fortitude—which are recognized by all civilized people as pivotal "hinges" of human morality. Prudence is defined as practical common sense. Lewis clarifies that while Christians should possess a child-like heart,...

Deep Dive into Ceasefire Without Surrender: Korea, Cyprus, and Bosnia’s Lessons for an Armistice-Plus in Ukraine A "ceasefire without surrender" aims to stop active bloodshed in Ukraine without legally recognizing territorial seizures or stripping the nation of its self-defense. This dilemma is analyzed through both secular institutional design and Reformed theological frameworks, utiliz...

Deep Dive into The Unshakable Word in a Shaking World (Matthew 24:35) Jesus Christ’s declaration in Matthew 24:35 serves as a divine guarantee that His words possess a permanence far exceeding the created universe. By stating that "heaven and earth will pass away," Jesus uses a merism to encompass the entire physical cosmos, characterizing it not as an eternal fixture but as a temporary...

Deep Dive into The Physician’s Scandal: Mercy Over Sacrifice (Matthew 9:9–13) Matthew 9:9–13 presents a revolutionary scene where Jesus disrupts religious norms by calling a tax collector and dining with societal outcasts. This narrative shifts the religious paradigm from a courtroom of judgment to a hospital of healing . The story begins with the sovereign initiative of Christ. Passing by a tax b...

Deep Dive into The Eye of Flesh and the Eye of Faith: A Covenantal Critique of Pragmatism (Genesis 13:8–13) Genesis 13:8–13 presents a profound contrast between living by faith and living by sight . After returning from Egypt with immense wealth, Abram and his nephew Lot find that their prosperity has become a source of strife. Their herdsmen clash over limited resources, threatening the unity of...

Deep Dive into A History of the Work of Redemption by Jonathan Edwards - From Christ's Resurrection to the End of the World - The Success of Redemption from the Destruction of Jerusalem, to the Time of Constantine The history of the gospel from the destruction of Jerusalem to the reign of Constantine is defined by intense opposition and miraculous growth . Following the fall of Jerusalem, the...

Deep Dive into The Reformation Study Bible by R. C. Sproul - Romans Introduction The Apostle Paul wrote the Epistle to the Romans between AD 55 and 57, likely while residing in Corinth. Unlike shorter ancient correspondences, this “letter-essay” serves as his most comprehensive and systematic presentation of the Christian gospel. Written to a church he had not yet visited, Paul sought to establish...

Deep Dive into The Treasury of David by Charles Spurgeon - Psalm 39 Psalm 39, written by David and dedicated to the master musician Jeduthun, serves as a profound elegy on human frailty and the necessity of divine hope. Born from a life of deep trial, the psalm begins with David’s resolution to remain silent . Faced with intense sickness and the presence of the ungodly, he sought to muzzle his mou...

Deep Dive into Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards’ 1741 sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," delivered in Enfield during the Great Awakening, is a foundational text of American religious history. Grounded in the biblical warning that "their foot shall slide in due time," the sermon argues that nothing but the sovereign, arbitrary...

Deep Dive into The King in His Beauty: A Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments by Thomas R. Schreiner - The Gospel According to Mark The Gospel of Mark centers on the arrival of the kingdom of God , the identity of Jesus , and the nature of discipleship . The kingdom is portrayed as God’s saving rule, fulfilling Old Testament promises of a new exodus and creation. While God has always be...

Deep Dive into The Life And Diary Of David Brainerd by Jonathan Edwards - From His Beginning to Instruct the Indians at Kaunaumeek, to His Ordination David Brainerd’s diary from April 1743 to June 1744 chronicles the intense spiritual and physical struggles of a young missionary dedicated to reaching Native American communities. Stationed initially at Kaunaumeek, Brainerd lived a life of extreme d...