Reflecting History

What is freedom? Is it possible to truly make free decisions? How does this relate to the political concept of tyranny? In a world where freedom is often seen as one of the highest ethical priorities, it's worth taking a closer look at what freedom really is. Questions about freedom have been pondered since the beginnings of humanity, including the Ancient Greek philosophers Socrates and Plato off...

"There are decades where nothing happens, and there are weeks where decades happen." Vladimir Lenin's famous words beg the question: are some moments in history more significant than others? Are there "crossroads" time periods in history where a given path can branch into multiple different pathways? What are some examples of these crossroads moments and what creates these seismic shifts in the tr...

Is it possible to ever be truly happy? What if your happiness rests on a backbone of degradation and exploitation? Is it right to sacrifice the few for the many? What should be done about injustice in the world? All of these questions and more are contemplated in Ursula Le Guin's amazing short story "The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas."  Read the story here: https://learning.hccs.edu/faculty/emily...

From universities down to the Hitler Youth, the education system in 1930's Germany was co-opted by Nazi ideology. In what ways did the endorsement of Nazi ideals by prominent thinkers and intellectuals impact popular opinion? In what ways did the education system change to align itself with Nazi beliefs? How did this impact ordinary people? This is one of the episodes in my 13 part series on the d...

For as long as there has been history, there has been a struggle to interpret and analyze that history. Different perspectives, ideologies, and approaches permeate the study of the past. So which interpretation of history is the correct one? Could we all come to a consensus? What if we had a time machine that allowed us to all go back to the same moment and take the guess work and perspective out...

Can something be valuable, good, or useful if it isn't real? Depending on your answer to that and your definition of real, fantasy and science fiction may not qualify. But in this episode I argue for the positive benefits of reading and watching fantasy, why it's inherently valuable, how it helps the study of history, and how it can be useful in the real world.  For a different (and much better) r...

Hey everybody, here is a bonus episode I released a few months ago on my Patreon feed. Hope you enjoy and have a great Thanksgiving. The recent discovery of "Dragon Man" and it's potential relationship to early humanity has created some level of controversy in history and archaeology circles. What does this new discovery tell us about the "process" of history? Is history something that is set in s...

Is there a conflict between a zoomed-out historical approach that is focused on facts, events, and dates, versus a more bottom up approach that is focused on ordinary people and their experience of those facts, events, and dates? More recent popular histories and storytellers have focused on the human element (myself included) to bring more emotion and weight to the arguments that they are making....

Well, I never thought I would make it to 100 episodes. But here we are. A sincere thank you to everyone reading this right now and to everyone who has ever taken the time to listen to this podcast.  In this episode I do a deep dive into the movie "Cast Away" starring Tom Hanks from the year 2000. In my view, this movie stands the test of time and is about a lot more than a guy stranded on an islan...

"Don't reach for the stars, reach for the flowers." One of the appealing aspects of humanistic psychology is it's embrace of the ordinary and it's emphasis on the fundamental goodness of human beings. Is it true that human nature is fundamentally good as humanists like Abraham Maslow say? Or is there too much evidence of greed and malevolence from the historical past? Should we focus on what human...

In popular culture, there is often a morbid fascination with the psychology of evil, but what about the psychology of good? Social Psychology may get most of the headlines, but Humanistic Psychology could have just as much to say about human behavior. In his book "Transcend," psychologist Scott Barry Kaufman investigates humanistic psychology from Maslow's hierarchy of needs to Harlow's infant mon...

In a massive and seemingly uncaring universe, fatalism and the resignation of inevitability is one way to look at the world. The philosophical concept of Mono No Aware and Ken Liu's powerful short story "Mono No Aware" offer an alternative point of view through concepts of inherent beauty, the transient nature of life and death, and the recognition of the impermanent nature of the moment.  Read th...

In this episode I sat down with historian Karen Cook Bell to talk about her book Running from Bondage: Enslaved Women and Their Remarkable Fight for Freedom in Revolutionary America.  We discussed life as a female slave in the Revolutionary period, forms of overt and covert resistance to slavery, the sexual exploitation and abuse of slave women, what made slaves decide to run away, maroon communit...

In this episode, I spoke with writer and journalist Adin Dobkin about his book "Sprinting Through No Man's Land: Endurance, Tragedy, and Rebirth in the 1919 Tour de France." We talked about conflict as a lens into cultural history, the 1919 Tour de France and its relationship to World War I, the emotional and psychological impact of World War I, sporting events and national identity, the role of t...

Children often get overlooked in the study of history. But their stories can be useful tools to study the past as well as fascinating examples of human endurance in their own right. Compiled by Dith Pran, "Children of Cambodia's Killing Fields" is a series of first hand accounts from survivors of the Cambodian Genocide. These survivors were kids during the dark times of the Khmer Rouge, and now th...

Loung Ung's incredible memoir "First They Killed My Father" is a tragic reminder of the realities of the Killing Fields in Cambodia, but also a lesson in the importance of historical empathy. Her story is simultaneously a harrowing account of the realities of genocide, yet also a testament to shared humanity, love, and the triumph of the human spirit.  This is Part IV in a series on the Cambodian...

What happened in Cambodia from 1975-1979 was especially cruel. What explains the brutality? While historians debate the underlying causes of the cruelty of the Khmer Rouge, the survivors of Cambodia are left to try to put the pieces together.   This is Part III in a series on the Cambodian Genocide. Future episodes in the series will look into first hand accounts from Loung Ung and other children...

Ken Liu's amazing short story "The Paper Menagerie" is simple but poignant. It provides an opportunity to think about some of the most important things in life: love, culture, history, regret, memories, identity, and more. But maybe above all it is the story of the bond between a mother and her son.  Thanks for the support! Read the story here: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5838a24729687f...

What was life like under the Khmer Rouge? Ordinary life for millions of Cambodians was filled with fear, torment, and despair. Yet the people of Cambodia also demonstrated resilience, resistance, and an enduring human spirit to protect their families and those they cared about.  This is Part II in a series on the Cambodian Genocide. It goes over ordinary life in Cambodia under Pol Pot. Future epis...

A potent mix of communism, nationalism, racialism, imperialism, and violence resulted in the Khmer Rouge coming to power in Cambodia in 1975. Led by a man going by the name of Pol Pot, the Khmer Rouge orchestrated the deaths of 1.5 to 2 million Cambodians in a genocide that has become known to history simply as the killing fields. In only four years of chaos, Pol Pot's reign of terror ranks among...

"Grief burns but does not consume." A grieving merchant stumbles into the shop of an Alchemist, who shows him a device that allows the user to travel 20 years forward or backward in time. The history of the device and the subsequent choice to step through by the grieving merchant say much about the philosophical nature of determinism and free will, as well as the value of forgiveness.  This episod...

Barbarian incursions are often cited as a primary instigator to the collapse of the Roman Empire in the west in 476 AD. But why were they happening at this time in the first place? Why not some other time? Like many parts of the story of Rome, climate change may hold some of the answers. Meanwhile, the empire was able to survive in the east, with Justinian often getting credit for reconquering wes...

Shortly after the end of World War II, journalist Milton Mayer visited an ordinary town in West Germany to live with and interview former civilians of Nazi Germany. His goal was to answer some deep questions: to what extent are ordinary people complicit in the creation of authoritarian evil? In what ways did ordinary Germans accept moral responsibility, deflect it, or avoid it? The results of his...

Much has been made of the great Roman crisis of the 200's AD. Civil war, political strife, economic dysfunction, and the collapse of the frontier system were just a few of the major problems that threatened to collapse the empire. In the midst of the crisis, as the climate was changing and becoming less favorable, the Plague of Cyprian hit the empire in devastating fashion. Disease, famine, and de...

The Roman Empire during the Pax Romana was in many ways a golden age of ancient commerce, urbanization, and connectivity. But the same things that made the empire great also made the empire vulnerable to a new type of danger: the pandemic. The Antonine Plague ravaged through the empire from roughly 165 to 180, in waves of chaos and misery. The resilience of the empire was tested, but it ultimately...