Norman's Medical Review Podcast

Know very well.

Things to know

Things you should know.

Pharmacologic stress test Define stable angina

Pre renal-decreased perfusion Intrarenal-damage to the tubular cells Postrenal-obstruction of the ureters , bladder or urethra. https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe

Remember fever is not associated with lower UTIs https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe

Casts are clump of material or cells https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe

Hematuria Proteinuria Decrease GFR Increased BUN https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe

Normal liver tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe

Proteinuria Hypoalbuminemia Hyperlipidemia Edema. https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe

Onset Provocation Quality Radiation Severity Temporal https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe

SECONDARY HEADACHE—TRAUMA, SUBARACHNOID BLEED,INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE, CEREBELLAR INFARCTION, PRE-ECLAMPSIA, CERVICAL ARTERY DISSECTION, ACUTE GLAUCOMA, TEMPORAL ARTERITIS , VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS AND INTRACRANIAL TUMOR. https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe

Primary Headache include migraine, cluster, tension, exertional, cough and sex-related headache https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe

PODCAST UPDATE https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe

HARD WORK WILL PAY OFF

REVIEW TOPICS

The signs of multiple myeloma can be remembered using the mnemonic CRAB for Calcium (hypercalcemia), Renal failure, Anemia, and Bone lesions (lytic) •

Staging of sarcoidosis (on CXR) a. Stage I: bilateral hilar adenopathy without parenchymal infiltrates (highest rate of remission) . Stage II: hilar adenopathy with parenchymal infiltrates c. Stage III: diffuse parenchymal infiltrates without hilar adenopathy (least favorable prognosis) d. Stage IV: pulmonary fibrosis with honeycombing and fibrocystic parenchymal changes Treatment . Most cases res...

Know the side effects very well.

Induration ≥5 mm: Patients with HIV infection recent close contact to person with known active tuberculosis (TB), patients with chest x-ray consistent with prior TB, patients with organ transplants and other immunosuppressed patients (receiving the equivalent of prednisone ≥15 mg/day for ≥1 month or those taking TNF-α antagonists). Induration ≥10 mm: Patients with clinical conditions that increase...

For a positive TB exposure and a positive PPD test (but no active disease), treatment is INH only. •  If the patient has active TB, multiagent therapy is indicated.

Patients with active TB must be isolated until sputum is negative for AFB.  a. First-line therapy is a four-drug regimen: isoniazid (INH), rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol or streptomycin.  b. The initial treatment regimen consists of 2 months of treatment with the four drug regimen. After this initial 2-month phase, a phase of 4 months is recommended using INH and rifampin.  2. Prophylactic...

There are two major types of tests for identification of TB infection: the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test. (IGRA does not give false-positive results because of prior BCG vaccination. IGRA test results are available within 24 hours at the earliest The TST can give false-positive . This may be due to nontuberculous mycobacteria infection and Baci...

Tuberculosis infection is the newer term for latent TB (TBI; newer term for latent tuberculosis) Tuberculosis disease is the newer term for active TB (newer term for active tuberculosis) Primary TB is a term that describes new TB infection or active disease in a previously naïve host Treatment of TBI before the development of TB disease kills the organisms, thereby reducing the risk of developing...

Clinical features Symptoms • Insidious onset—headache, sore throat, fatigue, myalgias • Dry cough (no sputum production) • Fevers (chills are uncommon) Signs  normal pulse in the setting of high fever is suggestive of atypical CAP