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https://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm This 1943 paper by A. H. Maslow presents a theory of human motivation, proposing a  hierarchy of needs  ranging from  basic physiological requirements  (like hunger and thirst) to  higher-level needs  for  safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.  Maslow argues that lower needs must be largely satisfied before higher needs become prominent...

The provided text  comprises numerous excerpts from the King James Version of the Bible's Old Testament, specifically from the books of Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, and 2 Chronicles.  These passages  recount key events in the history of the Israelites, from creation and the patriarchs to the establishment of the kingdom...

The Art of Problem Solving (AoPS)  is a resource for students preparing for math competitions like MATHCOUNTS and the American Mathematics Competitions.  AoPS offers online classes , a forum with many members and messages, and supplementary materials. The provided text is an excerpt from the AoPS Volume 2 textbook, which  covers advanced mathematical topics  such as number theory, geometry, and ca...

Hegel's  Phenomenology of Spirit , a pivotal work in German Idealism, is explored through excerpts from a Cambridge University Press edition. The text examines Hegel's philosophy of consciousness, tracing its development through various stages, including sensuous certainty, perception, understanding, and reason. Key concepts like self-consciousness, the dialectic, and the relationship betw...

How Learning Works is a book  based on research from the Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence at Carnegie Mellon University.  It presents seven research-based principles of learning  applicable to college teaching.  The authors, experienced educators from Carnegie Mellon , synthesize cognitive, developmental, and social psychology research to offer practical strategies for instructors.  The book...

Werner Heisenberg's previously unpublished 1941/42 essay, "Reality and Its Order," which explores his philosophical reflections on the nature of reality and human knowledge, ranging from physics and chemistry to society and religion. The essay, a comprehensive statement on the epistemological implications of modern physics, is published here for the first time as a separate work and includes comme...

George Pólya's  Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning , Volume 2. It explores plausible reasoning, a type of inference used in mathematics and other fields. The book examines various patterns of plausible reasoning, including induction and analogy, and their relationship to probability. It uses numerous examples to illustrate these patterns, discussing their application in mathematical discovery and...

George Pólya's book,  Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning, Volume 1 , focusing on induction and analogy in mathematics.   Pólya contrasts demonstrative reasoning (proofs) with plausible reasoning (conjectures and inductive evidence), arguing that plausible reasoning plays a crucial role in mathematical discovery.  The book uses numerous examples to illustrate how generalization, specialization, an...

Geometry Revisited , a mathematics book aimed at high school students and laypeople. It revisits classical Euclidean geometry, introducing modern theorems and techniques like transformations and projective geometry. The book uses various methods, including trigonometry and analytic geometry, to explore properties of triangles and circles, emphasizing concepts such as collinearity, concurrence, and...

Roger B. Nelsen's   Proofs Without Words: Exercises in Visual Thinking  (1993) is a collection of mathematical proofs illustrated using diagrams. The book features proofs from various sources and historical periods, showcasing the power of visual reasoning in mathematics. Many proofs concern geometric theorems, but also include algebraic identities, and other mathematical concepts. The book&#3...

Mueller's  Philosophy of Mathematics and Deductive Structure in Euclid’s Elements  examines Euclid's geometry, analyzing its logical structure and challenging interpretations that incorporate algebraic concepts. Mueller argues that a strictly geometric reading is more historically accurate and philosophically sound, contrasting Euclid's methods with those of later mathematicians like H...

Sir Thomas Heath's translation of Euclid's  Elements , specifically focusing on Book X. Book X provides a comprehensive classification of irrational magnitudes, particularly concerning the incommensurability of certain line segments, like the diagonal of a square. Heath's commentary explores the historical context of this challenging material, tracing its development from Pythagorean d...

Sir Thomas Heath's translation of Euclid's  Elements , specifically Volumes II (Books III-IX).  The excerpts focus on Euclid's propositions and definitions , including discussions of circles, angles, and proportions.  Heath's commentary incorporates insights from other mathematicians , such as Heron and De Morgan,  offering alternative proofs and analyses of Euclid's work , hig...

T.L. Heath's 1908 edition of Euclid's  Elements , specifically focusing on the introduction and Book I. Heath analyzes the historical context of Euclid's work, examining commentaries by Proclus and others, exploring the evolution of Euclidean geometry, and investigating textual variations and interpolations across different manuscripts and translations. He also addresses the challenges...

Wiggins and McTighe's  Understanding by Design  (2011) is a guide for creating high-quality educational units. The authors present a three-stage backward design process focusing on desired results, assessment evidence, and learning plans. They emphasize the importance of understanding and transfer of knowledge, distinguishing these from simple knowledge acquisition and skill development. The text...

John Hattie's  Visible Learning for Teachers  synthesizes over fifteen years of research on effective teaching practices, impacting millions of students. The book offers evidence-based strategies for maximizing student achievement, focusing on teacher-student relationships, feedback, and prior achievement as key factors. It emphasizes a "visible learning" approach, where teachers regularly assess...

Social cognitive neuroscience examines social phenomena and processes using cognitive neuroscience research tools such as neuroimaging and neuropsychology. This review examines four broad areas of research within social cognitive neuroscience: (a) understanding others, (b) understanding oneself, (c) controlling oneself, and (d) the processes that occur at the interface of self and others. In addit...

The provided text is a selection of excerpts from the King James Version of the New Testament, organized by book and section (Gospels, Epistles, and Revelation). The excerpts include various passages from Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, and several Pauline epistles, as well as Revelation. A brief introduction from the AGES Digital Library explains the library's purpose: to provide readily availab...

The provided text is an excerpt from  The Art of Problem Solving , Volume 1. It serves as an introductory textbook covering fundamental mathematical concepts.   The book emphasizes problem-solving techniques and approaches rather than rote memorization of formulas.   Topics include number theory, algebra, geometry, and probability, progressing from basic concepts to more advanced problem-solving s...

Part 6 of Rene Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy - The existence of material thing, and the real distinction between mind and body Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Part 5 of Rene Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy - The essence of material things, and the existence of God considered a second time Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Part 4 of Rene Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy - Truth and falsity Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Part 3 of Rene Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy - The existence of God Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Part 2 of Rene Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy - The nature of the human mind, and how it is better known than the body Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Part 1 of Rene Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy - What can be called into doubt Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.