Reformed Thinking

Deep Dive into Of the Obligation of Christians to Perform the Duty of Charity to the Poor by Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards argues that providing charity to the poor is a fundamental and frequently commanded Christian duty in both the Old and New Testaments. He explains that acts of mercy are essential to true religion and weigh heavier than mere outward ordinances of worship. Edwards asserts t...

Deep Dive into A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Psalms by John Peter Lange - Psalm 3 Psalm 3 is traditionally attributed to King David during his flight from his rebellious son, Absalom. The provided commentary supports this historical context, describing the text as the lyrical expression of a distressed sovereign who turns his lamentation into prayerful trust during a time of intense danger....

Deep Dive into The Treasury of David by Charles Spurgeon - Psalm 129 Charles Spurgeon's commentary on Psalm 129 in The Treasury of David portrays the text as a hymn of sorrow and strong resolve, reflecting on the historical and ongoing afflictions of Israel and the broader Church. The Psalmist speaks from the perspective of a tested individual, noting that from its earliest days, God's peo...

Deep Dive into Practical Religion: Being Plain Papers on the Daily Duties, Experience, Dangers, and Privileges of Professing Christians by J. C. Ryle - Happiness True happiness is a universal human desire, yet most people misunderstand what it truly means and how to obtain it. Genuine happiness does not mean a perfect life free from sorrow, nor is it merely outward laughter and merriment, which of...

Deep Dive into To the Jew First in the New Millennium: A Dispensational Perspective by Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum In the essay authored by Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, the theological and practical implications of Romans 1:16 are examined, with a specific focus on the phrase "to the Jew first". Fruchtenbaum surveys various historical and contemporary theological perspectives on this verse, noting...

Deep Dive into Providence and the Good Meaning of God in Joseph's Suffering Genesis 50:20 serves as a foundational text for understanding the biblical doctrine of providence. The narrative of Joseph demonstrates that God upholds and governs all actions, including the sinful deeds of humans, to accomplish His holy will. When Joseph’s brothers sold him into slavery out of jealousy and greed, the...

Deep Dive into The Divine Grammar: Anthimeria in the English Bible as a Vehicle for Theological Truth Anthimeria, the rhetorical practice of substituting one part of speech for another, serves as a vital linguistic and theological tool in the English Bible. This grammatical phenomenon frequently occurs when translating specific Hebrew and Greek structures into English, prompting translators to cho...

Deep Dive into Seeking the Things Above: The Heavenly Mindset of the Risen Believer (Colossians 3:1–2) Colossians 3:1-2 serves as a pivotal transition in the Apostle Paul’s letter, moving from the doctrinal foundations of Christ’s supremacy to practical Christian ethics. Paul wrote this epistle from prison to the church in Colossae to combat a syncretic heresy that blended Jewish legalism, ascetic...

Deep Dive into The Cleansed Heart and the Holy Life (Matthew 23:25-26) Matthew 23:25-26 presents a devastating condemnation of hypocrisy, where Jesus rebukes the scribes and Pharisees for prioritizing outward religious appearance over inward moral purity. Using the domestic metaphor of a cup and plate, Jesus illustrates the absurdity of scrubbing a vessel's exterior while its interior remains...

Deep Dive into Grace That Exposes Hypocrisy (Genesis 38:24-26) Genesis 38:24-26 provides a profound narrative detailing the exposure of hidden sin and the sovereign grace of God. The passage centers on the Patriarch Judah, who hastily condemns his daughter-in-law, Tamar, to be burned for prostitution after learning of her pregnancy. Judah's severe sentence reveals deep hypocrisy, as he had rec...

Deep Dive into How to Know if You Are A Real Christian (James 2:19) by Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards, in his sermon based on James 2:19, argues that mere intellectual belief in God and religious doctrines is not sufficient evidence of true salvation, because even demons believe and shudder. Edwards explains that demons possess an extensive, first-hand knowledge of God, heaven, and hell, and th...

Deep Dive into The Moody Handbook of Theology, Revised and Expanded by Paul Enns - Calvinistic Theology Calvinistic theology encompasses interconnected doctrines emphasizing God's sovereignty and the nature of salvation. The system logically builds upon itself, beginning with total depravity, which asserts that the fall left humanity spiritually dead, affecting the mind, heart, and will so tha...

Deep Dive into The Treasury of David by Charles Spurgeon - Psalm 128 Charles Spurgeon's exposition of Psalm 128 in The Treasury of David presents a profound picture of domestic bliss and family happiness resulting from the Lord's blessing. The foundational principle of this blessedness is the fear of the Lord, which Spurgeon defines as a holy reverence, a dread to offend, and a sincere des...

Deep Dive into Practical Religion: Being Plain Papers on the Daily Duties, Experience, Dangers, and Privileges of Professing Christians by J. C. Ryle - Freedom J.C. Ryle’s discourse on freedom explores the distinction between temporal liberty and true spiritual freedom. While acknowledging that political and civil liberty is a tremendous blessing that should not be undervalued, Ryle warns that it...

Deep Dive into The Figure of Adam in Romans 5 and 1 Corinthians 15 by Felipe de Jesus Legarreta-Castillo In his analysis of Romans 5:12-21, Felipe de Jesús Legarreta-Castillo explores the profound theological antithesis Paul constructs between Adam and Christ. This passage serves as a crucial theological pivot in Paul's letter, shifting the focus from humanity's universal state of sin and...

Deep Dive into Christian Theology by Millard J. Erickson - God's Universal Revelation Theological study classifies God's revelation to humanity into two main categories: general and special. General revelation is God's continuous self-disclosure to all people, everywhere, at all times, occurring primarily through three areas: nature, history, and the inner constitution of humanity. Nat...

Deep Dive into Spiritual Gifts: Exhortation/Encouragement The spiritual gift of exhortation, as outlined in Romans 12:6-8, is a vital, grace-given ministry designed to strengthen the church through the application of biblical truth. Derived from the Greek word parakaleo, meaning to call to one's side, this gift encompasses both tenderly comforting the afflicted and urgently admonishing the way...

Deep Dive into Life and Peace Through the Indwelling Spirit (Romans 8:5-9) Romans 8:5-9 presents a definitive contrast between two categories of humanity: those governed by the flesh and those governed by the Spirit. The passage eliminates any middle ground or spiritual neutrality, dismantling the idea of a carnal Christian who claims Christ but lives perpetually according to worldly desires. The...

Deep Dive into The Weightier Matters of the Law (Matthew 23:23-24) Matthew 23:23-24 records Jesus Christ's severe condemnation of the scribes and Pharisees for their religious hypocrisy. During His final week of earthly ministry before the crucifixion, Jesus publicly exposed these leaders for their distorted spiritual priorities, pronouncing a solemn eschatological curse, or woe, upon them. Th...

Deep Dive into The Futility of Concealing Sin and the Faithfulness of God (Genesis 38-20–23) Genesis 38:20-23 presents a profound exposure of hidden sin and human hypocrisy through the actions of the patriarch Judah. After unknowingly committing sexual immorality with his disguised daughter-in-law, Tamar, Judah attempts a calculated cover-up. He sends his friend, Hirah the Adullamite, with a young...

Deep Dive into The Nature of True Virtue by Jonathan Edwards - In What Respects Virtue or Moral Good Is Founded in Sentiment; and How Far It Is Founded in the Reason and Nature of Things Virtue is inherently beautiful and pleasing, and humans recognize this moral beauty through an immediate sentiment or sensation rather than through logical argumentation. If claiming that virtue is founded in sent...

Deep Dive into A Dissertation on Divine Justice by John Owen - The progress of the dispute to the theologians of our own country — The supreme authority of divine truth — Who they are, and what kind of men, who have gone into factions about this matter — The Coryphæus of the adversaries, the very illustrious Twisse — The occasion of his publishing his opinion — The opinion of the Arminians — The e...

Deep Dive into The Treasury of David by Charles Spurgeon - Psalm 127 Psalm 127 emphasizes that all human endeavors are entirely dependent on God's blessing for success. Whether building a physical house, establishing a family, or guarding a city, human effort is ultimately futile if the Lord is not the master builder and the supreme watcher. While individuals must diligently labor and fulfill...

Deep Dive into Practical Religion: Being Plain Papers on the Daily Duties, Experience, Dangers, and Privileges of Professing Christians by J. C. Ryle - Zeal J. C. Ryle explores the concept of Christian zeal, aiming to counter the apathetic Christianity of his time by demonstrating that genuine zeal is a tremendous blessing rather than a cause for reproach. He defines true zeal as an intense, burni...

Deep Dive into The Figure of Adam in 1 Corinthians 15:21-22, 45-49 and Romans 5:12-21 by Felipe de Jesus Legarreta-Castillo In 1 Corinthians 15, the apostle Paul addresses a theological crisis within the Corinthian community, where some members denied the future bodily resurrection of the dead. This disbelief had led to moral disorder and a dissolute lifestyle among the believers. To correct their...