Hormone Insight

Is 3 months of romosozumab noninferior to 12 months for increasing hip BMD in postmenopausal osteoporosis? In postmenopausal women at high fracture risk, 3 months of romosozumab followed by 9 months of denosumab was non-inferior to 12 months of romosozumab for increasing total hip BMD over 12 months. Randomised trial · Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2026 Reference: Leder BZ, Ramchand SK, Jordan M...

Can surgery treat arterial hypertension in patients with unilateral adrenal incidentalomas and mild autonomous cortisol secretion? In patients with hypertension and mild autonomous cortisol secretion from a unilateral adrenal incidentaloma, adrenalectomy improved blood pressure control more than conservative management. Randomised trial · Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2025 Reference: Tabarin A,...

Was testosterone replacement non-inferior to placebo for cardiovascular safety in men with hypogonadism and high cardiovascular risk? In TRAVERSE, testosterone replacement was non-inferior to placebo for major adverse cardiac events in middle-aged and older men with hypogonadism and high cardiovascular risk. Randomised trial · New England Journal of Medicine 2023 Reference: Lincoff AM, Bhasin S, F...

Which statin side effects are supported by blinded trials? Blinded-trial evidence supported increased liver-test abnormalities but did not show excess risk for most other outcomes attributed to statins in product labels. Previously established muscle and diabetes risks remain clinically relevant. This episode discusses a meta-analysis, not a single randomised trial. Reference: Cholesterol Treatmen...

Does bempedoic acid reduce cardiovascular events in statin-intolerant patients? In CLEAR Outcomes, bempedoic acid lowered LDL cholesterol and reduced major adverse cardiovascular events versus placebo. Randomised trial · New England Journal of Medicine 2023 Reference: Nissen SE, Lincoff AM, Brennan D, et al. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(15):1353-1364. PMID: 36876740. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3687...

Can levothyroxine be discontinued in older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism? In a pilot randomised trial, stopping low-dose levothyroxine did not change hypothyroid symptoms, tiredness or quality of life over six months compared with continuing treatment. Pilot randomised trial · Endocrine 2025 Reference: Maraka S, et al. Discontinuation of levothyroxine therapy in patients with subclinical...

Is secukinumab effective for active, moderate-to-severe Graves orbitopathy? In a randomised trial, secukinumab did not improve clinical response compared with placebo at 16 weeks. Randomised trial · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2026 Reference: Wolf J, et al. Secukinumab in moderate-to-severe Graves orbitopathy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study. J C...

Does selenium supplementation benefit people with newly diagnosed Graves' hyperthyroidism? In the GRASS randomised trial, selenium did not improve remission rates or quality of life compared with placebo. Randomised trial · European Thyroid Journal 2026 Reference: Cramon P, et al. Selenium supplementation in individuals with newly diagnosed Graves' hyperthyroidism: a double-blind, multicentre RCT....

What happens at 5 years of follow-up with thyroidectomy without radioiodine in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer? In patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer, a follow-up strategy without radioiodine was non-inferior to postoperative radioiodine at 5 years. Randomized trial · Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025 Reference: Leboulleux. Thyroidectomy without radioiodine in patients with l...

After thyroidectomy for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer, is omission of postoperative radioiodine non-inferior to ablation? In the IoN randomised trial, omission of postoperative radioiodine was noninferior to ablation for 5-year recurrence-free survival. Randomised multicentre non-inferiority trial · The Lancet 2025 Reference: Mallick U, et al. Thyroidectomy with or without postoperative r...

Does rosiglitazone increase myocardial infarction or cardiovascular-death risk in type 2 diabetes? A 2007 meta-analysis found a higher risk of myocardial infarction than control, with a borderline increase in cardiovascular death. Meta-analysis · New England Journal of Medicine 2007 Reference: Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiova...

Does automated insulin delivery improve glucose control in children under 7 with type 1 diabetes? A 2026 meta-analysis reported improved time in range and HbA1c compared with standard care over 8 to 16 weeks. Meta-analysis · Diabetic Medicine 2026 Reference: Lin Q, Zhou Y, Lei M, et al. Diabet Med. 2026;43(7):e70354. doi:10.1111/dme.70354. PMID:42108409. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42108409/ C...

Does liraglutide reduce hospitalization risk compared with glimepiride in people with type 2 diabetes on metformin? In GRADE participants with type 2 diabetes on metformin, time to first hospitalization did not differ overall by glucose-lowering drug; liraglutide modestly reduced subsequent hospitalization risk versus glimepiride on assigned treatment. Secondary analysis of a randomised trial · Di...

Does tirzepatide improve kidney outcomes compared with insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes with high cardiovascular risk? In people with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, tirzepatide slowed eGFR decline and reduced albuminuria more than insulin glargine over a median 85 weeks. This was a secondary analysis of a randomised trial. Reference: Heerspink HJL, Sattar N, Pavo I, et al. Lancet...

Does oral semaglutide reduce major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk type 2 diabetes patients? In people with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or both, oral semaglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events compared with placebo. Randomized trial · NEJM 2025 Reference: McGuire DK, Marx N, Mulvagh SL. Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascu...

Does weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 milligrams reduce cardiovascular events in patients with obesity without diabetes? In patients with established cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity but without diabetes, once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg reduced major adverse cardiovascular events more than placebo. Randomized trial · NEJM 2023 Reference: Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM....

Does once-weekly 2.4 milligram subcutaneous semaglutide plus lifestyle intervention reduce BMI more than lifestyle intervention alone in adolescents with obesity? In adolescents with obesity, once-weekly 2.4 mg subcutaneous semaglutide plus lifestyle intervention reduced BMI more than lifestyle intervention alone over 68 weeks, by about 17 percentage points. Randomized trial · NEJM 2022 Reference:...

Can oral orforglipron preserve weight loss after stopping tirzepatide or semaglutide? In selected adults without diabetes, switching to orforglipron preserved more of their previous injectable-associated weight loss than switching to placebo over 52 weeks; continued injections were not compared. Randomized trial · Nature Medicine 2026 Reference: Aronne LJ, Horn DB, le Roux CW, et al. Orforglipron...

Does withdrawal of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 milligrams lead to weight regain and reversal of cardiometabolic benefits in adults with obesity? In adults with obesity, stopping semaglutide 2.4 mg led to regain of about two-thirds of lost weight and reversal of most cardiometabolic improvements by one year. Secondary analysis of RCT · Diabetes Obes Metab 2022 Reference: Wilding JP, Ba...

Does once-weekly tirzepatide reduce body weight in adults with obesity? In adults with obesity, once-weekly tirzepatide reduced body weight substantially more than placebo over 72 weeks, by up to about 21%. Randomized trial · NEJM 2022 Reference: Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN. N Engl J Med. 2022; PMID:35658024 Chapters 0:00 Intro 0:38 The trial 3:12 My take 3:48 Outro Read the structured tria...

Can a polypill improve heart-failure treatment? Combining three heart-failure medicines into one daily capsule improved six-month MRI-measured ejection fraction versus actively optimized separate medicines. Secondary clinical-event findings are encouraging but do not establish a mortality benefit. Randomized trial · Nature Medicine 2026 Reference: Pandey A, Keshvani N, Rizvi SK, et al. Polypill fo...

Does tirzepatide improve cardiovascular outcomes and quality of life in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity? In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity, tirzepatide reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure and improved health status compared with placebo. Randomized trial · NEJM 2025 Reference: Packer...

Does empagliflozin help patients with chronic kidney disease? In patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, empagliflozin reduced the risk of kidney-disease progression or cardiovascular death compared with placebo by about 28%. Randomized trial · NEJM 2023 Reference: The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group. Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. The New England journ...

Does semaglutide reduce kidney and cardiovascular risks in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease? In patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg reduced the risk of major kidney disease events and death from cardiovascular causes compared with placebo (about 24% lower primary-outcome risk). Randomized trial · NEJM 2024 Reference: Perk...

Does finerenone slow kidney function loss in adults with chronic kidney disease without diabetes? In adults with albuminuric CKD without diabetes, finerenone slowed kidney function decline compared with placebo over 32 months, but hyperkalemia was more frequent. Randomized trial · NEJM 2026 Reference: Heerspink HJL, Neuen BL, Agarwal R, et al. N Engl J Med. 2026;395(6):533-545. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2...